Substitutes in Industrial Process Air Conditioning
Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of environmental and health risks, including factors such as ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, toxicity, flammability, and exposure potential. Lists of acceptableThis designation means that a substitute may be used, without restriction, to replace the relevant ODS within the end-use specified. For example, HCFC-22 is an acceptable substitute for R-502 in industrial process refrigeration. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. and unacceptableThis designation means that it is illegal to use a product as a substitute for an ODS in a specific end-use. For example, HCFC-141b is an unacceptable substitute for CFC-11 in building chillers. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. substitutes are updated several times each year. The list of substitutes is shown below.
Many acceptable substitutes under SNAP may be restricted under the Technology Transitions Program. For more information on Technology Transitions Program restrictions, visit: https://www.epa.gov/climate-hfcs-reduction/technology-transitions-program
Note: SNAP-related information published in the Federal Register takes precedence over all information on this page.
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| Substitute | Trade Name(s) | Retrofit/New | ODPA number that refers to the amount of ozone depletion caused by a substance. The ODP is the ratio of the impact on ozone of a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of CFC-11. Thus, the ODP of CFC-11 is defined to be 1.0. Other CFCs and HCFCs have ODPs that range from 0.01 to 1.0. The halons have ODPs ranging up to 10. Carbon tetrachloride has an ODP of 1.2, and methyl chloroform's ODP is 0.11. HFCs have zero ODP because they do not contain chlorine. A table of all ozone-depleting substances (https://www3.epa.gov/ozone/science/ods/index.html) shows their ODPs, GWPs, and CAS numbers. | GWPThe index used to translate the level of emissions of various gases into a common measure in order to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emissions of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time (usually 100 years). Gases involved in complex atmospheric chemical processes have not been assigned GWPs. See lifetime. | ASHRAEASHRAE is an international organization that establishes standards for the uniform testing and rating of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration equipment. It also conducts related research, disseminates publications, and provides continuing education to its members. Designation (Safety Classification) |
SNAP Listing Date | Listing Status | Further Information |
| Ammonia Absorption | N | 0 | 0 | B2 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable | ||
| Ammonia Vapor Compression | N | 0 | 0 | B2 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable | ||
| Desiccant Cooling | N | 0 | N/A | N/A | June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable | ||
| Evaporative Cooling | N | 0 | N/A | N/A | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable | ||
| FOR12A | FOR12A | R/N | 0 | 1,100 | A1 | December 18, 2000 (pdf) (257 KB) | Acceptable | |
| FOR12B | FOR12B | R/N | 0 | 1,000 | A1 | December 18, 2000 (pdf) (257 KB) | Acceptable | |
| HCFC-124 | R/N | 0.022 | 609 | A1 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable | ||
| HCFC-22 | N | 0.055 | 1,810 | A1 | January 13, 1995 (pdf) (185 KB) | Acceptable | EPA recommends that HCFC–22 only be used where ambient temperatures are lower than 115°F because of very high system pressures. | |
| HCFO-1233zd(E) (Trans-1-chloro-3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-ene) | Solstice® 1233zd(E) | N | <0.0004 | 3.7 | A1 | January 20, 2022 (pdf) (375 KB) | Acceptable | |
| HFC-134a | N | 0 | 1,430 | A1 | January 13, 1995 (pdf) (185 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | Applicable to new uses below 125 degrees F ambient | |
| HFC-245fa | Genetron® 245fa | R/N | 0 | 1,030 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB) | Acceptable | |
| HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene) | Opteon® MZ | N | 0 | 9 | A1 | May 23, 2016 (pdf) (313 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-414B | Hot Shot, Kar Kool, HCFC Blend Omicron | R/N | 0.098 | 3,337 | A1 | December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB) | Acceptable | |
| Ikon A | Ikon-12, Blend Zeta | N | 0 | N/A | A1 | June 19, 2000 (pdf) (223 KB) | Acceptable | |
| Ikon B | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (225 KB) | Acceptable | ||
| R-125/R-134a/R-600a (28.1/70.0/1.9) | NU-22 old composition | R/N | 0 | 1,990 | A1 | June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-125/R-290/R-134a/R-600a (55.0/1.0/42.5/1.5) | ICOR AT-22 | R/N | 0 | 2,530 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-401A | SUVA MP-39 | R | 0.037 | 1,182 | A1 | January 13, 1995 (pdf) (185 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-401B | SUVA MP-66 | R | 0.040 | 1,288 | A1 | January 13, 1995 (pdf) (185 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-404A | SUVA HP-62 | R/N | 0 | 3,920 | A1 | December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-407C | Suva 407C, Klea 407C | R/N | 0 | 1,770 | A1 | December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); August 21, 2003 (pdf) (160 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| R-407F | Genetron Performax LT | R/N | 0 | 1,820 | A1 | October 4, 2011 (pdf) (200 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-410A | AZ-20, Suva 9100, Puron | N | 0 | 2,090 | A1 | February 8, 1996; December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| R-410B | N | 0 | 2,230 | A1 | February 8, 1996 | Acceptable | ||
| R-417A | ISCEON 59, NU-22 | R/N | 0 | 2,350 | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (225 KB); December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| R-420A | Choice R-420A | R/N | 0.008 | 1,536 | A1 | October 1, 2004 (pdf) (186 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-421A | Choice R-421A | R/N | 0 | 2,630 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (182 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-421B | Choice R-421B | R/N | 0 | 3,190 | A1 | N/A | Acceptable | |
| R-422B | ICOR XAC1, NU-22B | R/N | 0 | 2,530 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-422C | ICOR XLT1 | R/N | 0 | 3,390 | A1 | March 29, 2006 (pdf) (181 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-422D | ISCEON MO29 | R/N | 0 | 2,730 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (182 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-423A | ISCEON 39TC | R/N | 0 | 2,280 | A1 | March 22, 2002 (pdf) (156 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| R-424A | RS-44 | R/N | 0 | 2,440 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (182 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-426A | RS-24 | R/N | 0 | 1,510 | A1 | September 28, 2006 (pdf) (182 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| R-427A | Forane 427A | R | 0 | 2,140 | A1 | January 2, 2009 (pdf) (173 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-434A | RS-45 | R/N | 0 | 3,250 | A1 | October 4, 2007 (pdf) (163 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-437A | KDD6, ISCEON MO49 Plus | R/N | 0 | 1,810 | A1 | January 2, 2009 (pdf) (173 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-438A | KDD5, ISCEON MO99 | R/N | 0 | 2,270 | A1 | October 4, 2007 (pdf) (163 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| R-450A | Solstice® N-13 | R/N | 0 | 601 | A1 | October 21, 2014 (pdf) (345 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-507, R-507A | AZ-50 | R/N | 0 | 3,990 | A1 | September 5, 1996; December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB) |
Acceptable | |
| R-513A | Opteon® XP 10 | R/N | 0 | 630 | A1 | July 16, 2015 (pdf) (353 KB) | Acceptable | |
| R-515B | N | 0 | 287 | A1 | December 11, 2020 (pdf) (262 KB) | Acceptable | ||
| R-744 (Carbon Dioxide, CO2) | N | 0 | 1 | A1 | May 23, 2016 (pdf) (313 KB) | Acceptable | ||
| RS-24 (2002 formulation) | R/N | 0 | 1,510 | A1 | December 20, 2002 (pdf) (168 KB); June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) |
Acceptable | ||
| RS-44 (2003 formulation) | R/N | 0 | 2,420 | A1 | June 16, 2010 (pdf) (229 KB) | Acceptable | ||
| THR-02 | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (225 KB) | Acceptable | ||
| THR-03 | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 (pdf) (225 KB) | Acceptable | ||
| HFC-32 | N | 0 | 675 | A2L | April 28, 2023 (pdf) (584 KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | ||
| HFO-1234yf | N | 0 | <4 | A2L | April 28, 2023 (pdf) (584 KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | ||
| R-452B | Opteon™ XL55 | N | 0 | 698 | A2L | April 28, 2023 (pdf) (584 KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | |
| R-454A | Opteon™ XL40 | N | 0 | 240 | A2L | April 28, 2023 (pdf) (584 KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | |
| R-454B | Opteon™ XL41 | N | 0 | 466 | A2L | April 28, 2023 (pdf) (584 KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | |
| R-454C | Opteon™ XL20 | N | 0 | 148 | A2L | April 28, 2023 (pdf) (584 KB) | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. |
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