Substitutes in Positive Displacement Chillers
You will need Adobe Reader to view some of the files on this page. See EPA’s About PDF page to learn more. Substitutes are reviewed on the basis of environmental and health risks, including factors such as ozone depletion potential, global warming potential, toxicity, flammability, and exposure potential. Lists of acceptableThis designation means that a substitute may be used, without restriction, to replace the relevant ODS within the end-use specified. For example, HCFC-22 is an acceptable substitute for R-502 in industrial process refrigeration. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. and unacceptableThis designation means that it is illegal to use a product as a substitute for an ODS in a specific end-use. For example, HCFC-141b is an unacceptable substitute for CFC-11 in building chillers. Note that all SNAP determinations apply to the use of a specific product as a substitute for a specific ODS in a specific end-use. substitutes are updated several times each year. The list of substitutes is shown below. Substitutes listed below were originally listed as acceptable for use in reciprocating chillers, screw chillers, and/or scroll chillers. Please see the rule or notice shown in the SNAP Listing Date column for more information about the original listing of each substitute.
Note: SNAP-related information published in the Federal Register takes precedence over all information on this page.
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| Substitute | Trade Name(s) | Retrofit/New | ODPA number that refers to the amount of ozone depletion caused by a substance. The ODP is the ratio of the impact on ozone of a chemical compared to the impact of a similar mass of CFC-11. Thus, the ODP of CFC-11 is defined to be 1.0. Other CFCs and HCFCs have ODPs that range from 0.01 to 1.0. The halons have ODPs ranging up to 10. Carbon tetrachloride has an ODP of 1.2, and methyl chloroform's ODP is 0.11. HFCs have zero ODP because they do not contain chlorine. A table of all ozone-depleting substances (http://www.epa.gov/ozone/science/ods/index.html) shows their ODPs, GWPs, and CAS numbers. | GWPThe index used to translate the level of emissions of various gases into a common measure in order to compare the relative radiative forcing of different gases without directly calculating the changes in atmospheric concentrations. GWPs are calculated as the ratio of the radiative forcing that would result from the emissions of one kilogram of a greenhouse gas to that from the emission of one kilogram of carbon dioxide over a period of time (usually 100 years). Gases involved in complex atmospheric chemical processes have not been assigned GWPs. See lifetime. | ASHRAEASHRAE is an international organization that establishes standards for the uniform testing and rating of heating, ventilation, air conditioning, and refrigeration equipment. It also conducts related research, disseminates publications, and provides continuing education to its members. Designation (Safety Classification) |
SNAP Listing Date | Listing Status | Further Information |
| Ammonia Absorption | N | 0 | 0 | B2 | September 5, 1996; June 16, 2010 |
Acceptable | ||
| Ammonia Vapor Compression with Secondary Loop | N | 0 | 0 | B2 | September 5, 1996; June 16, 2010 |
Acceptable | ||
| Desiccant Cooling | N | 0 | N/A | N/A | June 16, 2010 | Acceptable | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. | |
| Evaporative Cooling | N | 0 | N/A | N/A | September 5, 1996; June 16, 2010 |
Acceptable | ||
| FOR12A | FOR12A | R/N | 0 | 1,100 | A1 | December 18, 2000; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. |
| FOR12B | FOR12B | R/N | 0 | 1,000 | A1 | December 18, 2000; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. |
| RB-276 | Free Zone, HCFC Blend Delta | R/N | 0.013 | 1,592 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. |
| Freeze 12 | Freeze 12 | R/N | 0.013 | 1,606 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. |
| R-1224yd(Z) | AMOLEA™ yd | R/N | 0.00012 | 1 | A1 | November 25, 2019 | Acceptable | |
| R-416A | FRIGC FR-12, HCFC Blend Beta | R/N | 0.009 | 1,081 | A1 | February 8, 1996; February 24, 1998 |
Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. |
| G2018C | G2018C | R/N | 0.053 | 1,731 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. |
| GHG-HP | HCFC Blend Lambda | R/N | 0.056 | 1,893 | A1 | February 8, 1996 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. |
| R-414A | GHG-X4, Autofrost, Chill-it, HCFC Blend Xi | R/N | 0.045 | 1,478 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. |
| GHG-X5 | GHG-X5 | R/N | 0.032 | 2,377 | A1 | June 3, 1997 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. |
| HCFC-22 | N | 0.055 | 1,810 | A1 | March 18, 1994 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. | |
| HCFC-22/HCFC-142b | R/N | 0.055-0.065 | 1,810-2,310 | A1 | June 3, 1997 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. | |
| HFC-134a | R/N | 0 | 1,430 | A1 | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit for military marine vessels and human-rated spacecraft and related support equipment, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. | |
| HFC-227ea | N | 0 | 3,220 | A1 | March 18, 1994; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. | |
| HFO-1234ze | Solstice® 1234ze | N | 0 | 6 | A2L | August 10, 2012 | Acceptable | |
| HFO-1336mzz(Z) ((Z)-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluorobut-2-ene) | Opteon® MZ | N | 0 | 9 | A1 | May 23, 2016 | Acceptable | |
| HFO-1336mzz(Z)/dichloroethylene blend (R-514A) | Opteon® XP30 | R/N | 0.00006 | 7 | B1 | May 23, 2016 | Acceptable | |
| R-414B | Hot Shot, Kar Kool, HCFC Blend Omicron | R/N | 0.098 | 3,337 | A1 | September 5, 1996 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. |
| Ikon A | Ikon-12, Blend Zeta | N | 0 | N/A | A1 | June 19, 2000 | Acceptable | |
| Ikon B | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. | |
| R-125/R-134a/R-600a (28.1/70.0/1.9) | NU-22 old composition | R/N | 0 | 1,990 | A1 | June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-125/R-290/R-134a/R-600a (55.0/1.0/42.5/1.5) | ICOR AT-22 | R/N | 0 | 2,530 | A1 | March 29, 2006; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-1270 (Propylene) | N | 0 | 1.8 | A3 | December 1, 2016 | Unacceptable as of January 3, 2017. | ||
| R-401A | SUVA MP-39 | R/N | 0.037 | 1,182 | A1 | January 13, 1995 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. |
| R-401B | SUVA MP-66 | R/N | 0.040 | 1,288 | A1 | January 13, 1995 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. |
| R-404A | SUVA HP-62 | R/N | 0 | 3,920 | A1 | December 20, 2002; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit for human-rated spacecraft and related support equipment, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-407C | Suva 407C, Klea 407C | R/N | 0 | 1,770 | A1 | February 8, 1996; December 20, 2002; August 21, 2003; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-410A | AZ-20, SUVA 9100, Puron | N | 0 | 2,090 | A1 | February 8, 1996; December 20, 2002; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-410B | N | 0 | 2,230 | A1 | February 8, 1996; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. | |
| R-411A | R/N | 0.048 | 1,600 | A2 | February 8, 1996 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. | |
| R-411B | R/N | 0.052 | 1,700 | A2 | February 8, 1996 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. | |
| R-417A | ISCEON 59, NU-22 | R/N | 0 | 2,350 | A1 | December 6, 1999; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-417C | Hot Shot 2 | R | 0 | 1,820 | A1 | October 4, 2011 | Acceptable | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-420A | Choice R-420A | R/N | 0.008 | 1,536 | A1 | October 1, 2004 | Acceptable | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-421A | Choice R-421A | R/N | 0 | 2,630 | A1 | September 28, 2006; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-422B | ICOR XAC1, NU-22B | R/N | 0 | 2,530 | A1 | March 29, 2006; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-422C | ICOR XLT1 | R/N | 0 | 3,390 | A1 | March 29, 2006; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-422D | ISCEON MO29 | R/N | 0 | 2,730 | A1 | September 28, 2006; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-424A | RS-44 | R/N | 0 | 2,440 | A1 | September 28, 2006; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-427A | Forane 427A | R | 0 | 2,140 | A1 | January 2, 2009; June 16, 2010 |
Acceptable | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-434A | RS-45 | R/N | 0 | 3,250 | A1 | October 4, 2007; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-437A | KDD6, ISCEON MO49 Plus | R/N | 0 | 1,810 | A1 | January 2, 2009; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-438A | KDD5, ISCEON MO99 | R/N | 0 | 2,270 | A1 | October 4, 2007; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| R-443A | N | 0 | 2.5 | A3 | December 1, 2016 | Unacceptable as of January 3, 2017. | ||
| R-450A | Solstice® N-13 | R/N | 0 | 601 | A1 | October 21, 2014 | Acceptable | |
| R-507, R-507A | AZ-50 | R/N | 0 | 3,990 | A1 | September 5, 1996; December 20, 2002; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | |
| R-513A | Opteon® XP 10 | R/N | 0 | 630 | A1 | July 16, 2015 | Acceptable | |
| R-515B | N | 0 | 287 | A1 | December 11, 2020 | Acceptable | ||
| R-744 (Carbon Dioxide, CO2) | N | 0 | 1 | A1 | May 23, 2016 | Acceptable | ||
| RS-44 (2003 formulation) | R/N | 0 | 2,420 | A1 | June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. | |
| SP34E | SP34E | R/N | 0 | <1,470 | A1 | December 18, 2000; June 16, 2010; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. |
| Stirling Cycle | N | 0 | N/A | N/A | June 16, 2010 | Acceptable | Not originally listed under scroll chillers. | |
| THR-02 | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999 | Acceptable | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. | |
| THR-03 | R/N | 0 | N/A | A1 | December 6, 1999; December 1, 2016 |
Unacceptable in new equipment, except as otherwise allowed under a narrowed use limit, as of January 1, 2024. | Originally listed under reciprocating chillers only. | |
| HFC-32 | N | 0 | 675 | A2L | April 28, 2023 | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | ||
| HFO-1234yf | N | 0 | <4 | A2L | April 28, 2023 | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | ||
| R-452B | Opteon™ XL55 | N | 0 | 698 | A2L | April 28, 2023 | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | |
| R-454A | Opteon™ XL40 | N | 0 | 240 | A2L | April 28, 2023 | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | |
| R-454B | Opteon™ XL41 | N | 0 | 466 | A2L | April 28, 2023 | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. | |
| R-454C | Opteon™ XL20 | N | 0 | 148 | A2L | April 28, 2023 | Acceptable with Use Conditions: See rule for detailed conditions. |
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