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  2. Acid Rain

Acid Rain Program Results

The Acid Rain Program (ARP) has delivered significant reductions of sulfur dioxide (SO2) and nitrogen oxides (NOX) emissions from fossil fuel-fired power plants, extensive environmental and human health benefits, and far lower-than-expected costs. Together with more recent power sector regulations, including the Cross-State Air Pollution Rule (CSAPR) programs, and a rapidly changing energy sector, the ARP has helped deliver annual SO2 reductions of over 95% and annual NOX emissions reductions of over 89%. The Power Plant Emissions Reductions page has maps and data highlighting these emissions reductions, and the Power Sector Programs Progress Report provide an annual overview of program features and results, from compliance to air quality impacts.

Swipe left and right over the maps to see the changes before and after.

Annual sulfur dioxide emissions for 1990
Annual sulfur dioxide emissions for 2022
Annual nitrogen oxides emissions for 1995
Annual nitrogen oxides emissions for 2022

These emissions reductions have led to major decreases in acid rain nationwide. Wet sulfate deposition – a common indicator of acid rain – dropped by more than 70% between 1989-1991 and 2020-2022. Additional data and maps detailing deposition and ambient air pollution are available on the Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET) website.

Swipe left and right over the maps to see the changes before and after.

Map of annual wet sulfate deposition 1989-1991
Map showing annual wet sulfate deposition 2020-2022
The Long Term Monitoring program (LTM), another monitoring program within EPA, observes surface waters to determine the effects of acid rain on aquatic ecosystems.  During the time period in which wet sulfate deposition decreased, LTM data show an 81% improvement in the number of monitored streams and lakes that experienced critical load exceedances, an indicator that reveals when acid deposition levels are causing harmful effects. The goal of this long-term program is to track whether the Clean Air Act Amendments (Plain English Guide to the Clean Air Act) have been effective in reducing the acidity of surface waters.

Next, learn more about the details of the Acid Rain Program.

Or, learn more about:

  • Acid Rain
  • Clean Air Power Sector Programs
  • Clean Air Status and Trends Network (CASTNET)
  • National Atmospheric Deposition Program (NADP)
  • Long-Term Monitoring (LTM) Network

Acid Rain

  • What is Acid Rain?
  • Effects of Acid Rain
  • Acid Rain Program
  • Acid Rain Program Results
Contact Us About Acid Rain
Contact Us to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on January 16, 2025
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