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  2. Air Emissions Factors and Quantification

AP 42, Fifth Edition, Volume I Chapter 9: Food and Agricultural Industries

9.0 9.0 Introduction to Food and Agricultural Industries (pdf) (8.72 KB)   
 
9.2 Growing Operations

9.2.1 Fertilizer Application

  • 9.2.1 Fertilizer Application Draft - March 1999 (pdf) (94.14 KB)  
  • 9.2.1 Fertilizer Application Draft Background Document (pdf) (495.63 KB)

9.2.2 Pesticide Application

  • 9.2.2 Pesticide Application Final Section - January 1995 (pdf) (67.04 KB)
  • 9.2.2 Pesticide Application Background Document (pdf) (334 KB)

9.2.3 Orchard Heaters

  • 9.2.3 Orchard Heaters Final Section - January 1995 (pdf) (88.25 KB)  

9.3 Introduction to Harvesting Operations
 

9.3.1 Cotton Harvesting

  • 9.3.1 Cotton Harvesting Final Section - July 1979 (pdf) (18.29 KB)

9.3.2 Grain Harvesting

  • 9.3.2 Grain Harvesting Final Section - February 1980 (pdf) (15.69 KB)

  
9.4 Livestock & Poultry Feed Operations

  • AP-42 9.4 Draft Section - November 2024

9.5 Introduction to Animal & Meat Products Preparation

9.5.1 Meat Packing Plants

  • 9.5.1 Meat Packing Plants Final Section - Supplement C, June 1997 (pdf) (35.72 KB)
  • 9.5.1 Meat Packing Plants Background Document - June 1997 (pdf) (1.08 MB)

9.5.2 Meat Smokehouses

  • 9.5.2 Meat Smokehouses Final Section - Supplement A, September 1995 (pdf) (139.12 KB)
  • 9.5.2 Meat Smokehouses Background Document (pdf) (196.03 KB)

9.5.3 Meat Rendering Plants

  • 9.5.3 Meat Rendering Plants Final Section - Supplement A, September 1995 (pdf) (93.41 KB)
  • 9.5.3 Meat Rendering Plants Background Document (pdf) (104.29 KB)  

9.6 Natural and Processed Cheese

  • 9.6.1 Natural and Processed Cheese Final Section - Supplement C, August 1997 (pdf) (34.02 KB)
  • 9.6 Natural and Processed Cheese Background Document (pdf) (101.22 KB)

 
9.7 Cotton Ginning

  • 9.7 Cotton Ginning Final Section - Supplement B, June 1996 (pdf) (101.47 KB)
  • 9.7 Cotton Ginning Background Document (pdf) (142.15 KB)

 
9.8 Preserved Fruits and Vegetables
 

9.8.1 Canned Fruits and Vegetables

  • 9.8.1 Canned Fruits and Vegetables Final Section - Supplement A, August 1995 (pdf) (95.23 KB)
  • 9.8.1 Canned Fruits and Vegetables Background Document (pdf) (99.27 KB)

9.8.2 Dehydrated Fruits and Vegetables

  • 9.8.2 Dehydrated Fruits and Vegetables Final Section - Supplement A, September 1995 (pdf) (25.15 KB)
  • 9.8.2 Dehydrated Fruits and Vegetables Background Document (pdf) (69.36 KB)

9.8.3 Pickles, Sauces and Salad Dressings

  • 9.8.3 Pickles, Sauces and Salad Dressings Final Section - Supplement A, August 1995 (pdf) (20.17 KB)
  • 9.8.3 Pickles, Sauces and Salad Dressings Background Document (pdf) (98.05 KB)

 
9.9 Grain Processing
 

9.9.1 Grain Elevators & Processes

  • 9.9.1 Grain Elevators & Processes Final Section - Update 2003, May 2003 (pdf) (531.8 KB)
  • 9.9.1 Grain Elevators & Processes Background Document (pdf) (6.99 MB)
  • AP-42 9.9.1 Related Information

9.9.2 Cereal Breakfast Food

  • 9.9.2 Cereal Breakfast Food Final Section - Supplement A, August 1995 (pdf) (67.01 KB)
  • 9.9.2 Cereal Breakfast Food Background Document (pdf) (171.77 KB)

9.9.4 Alfalfa Dehydrating

  • 9.9.4 Alfalfa Dehydrating Final Section - Supplement B, September 1996 (pdf) (76.3 KB)

9.9.5 Pasta Manufacturing

  • 9.9.5 Pasta Manufacturing Final Section - Supplement A, August 1995 (pdf) (16.31 KB)
  • 9.9.5 Pasta Manufacturing Background Document (pdf) (44.84 KB)  

9.9.6 Bread Baking

  • 9.9.6 Bread Baking Final Section - Supplement C, February 1997 (pdf) (9.09 KB)
  • Related Information - The document,  Alternative Control Technology Document for Bakery Oven Emissions - EPA 453/R-92-017, December 1992 (pdf) (3.33 MB) , is a substitute for a Background Document for the AP-42 Section 9.9.6 and contains an extensive description of the industry, process and control technology available for bread baking emissions. Users should access this document to better understand the development and use of the AP-42 equations for VOC and ethanol emissions from bread baking.

9.9.7 Corn Wet Milling

  • 9.9.7 Corn Wet Milling Final Section - January 1995 (pdf) (99.34 KB)
  • 9.9.7 Corn Wet Milling Background Document (pdf) (1.71 MB)

 
9.10 Confectionary Products
 

9.10.1 Sugar Processing

9.10.1.1 Cane Sugar Processing

  • 9.10.1.1 Cane Sugar Processing Final Section - Supplement C, June 1997 (pdf) (170.53 KB)
  • 9.10.1.1 Cane Sugar Processing Background Document (pdf) (262.01 KB)

9.10.1.2 Sugar Beet Processing

  • 9.10.1.2 Sugar Beet Processing Final Section - Supplement C, June 1997 (pdf) (84.7 KB)
  • 9.10.1.2 Sugar Beet Processing Background Document (pdf) (174.37 KB)

9.10.2 9.10.2 Salted & Roasted Nuts & Seeds (Introduction) (pdf) (1.14 MB)

9.10.2.1 Almond Processing 

  • 9.10.2.1 Almond Processing Final Section - January 1995 (pdf) (32.3 KB)

9.10.2.2 Peanut Processing

  • 9.10.2.2 Peanut Processing Final Section - January 1995 (pdf) (36.38 KB)

 9.11.1 Vegetable Oil Processing

  • 9.11.1 Vegetable Oil Processing Final Section - Supplement A, November 1995 (pdf) (51.55 KB)
  • 9.11.1 Vegetable Oil Processing Background Document (pdf) (390.96 KB)

 
9.12 Beverages
 

9.12.1 Malt Beverages

  • 9.12.1 Malt Beverages Final Section - Supplement B, October 1996 (pdf) (292.64 KB)
  • 9.12.1 Malt Beverages Background Document (pdf) (361.19 KB)  

9.12.2 Wines and Brandy

  • 9.12.2 Wines and Brandy Final Section - Supplement A, October 1995 (pdf) (78.41 KB)
  • 9.12.2 Wines and Brandy Background Document (pdf) (157.7 KB)  

9.12.3 Distilled Spirits

  • 9.12.3 Distilled Spirits Final Section - Supplement C, April 1997 (pdf) (33.59 KB)
  • 9.12.3 Distilled Spirits Background Document (pdf) (90.66 KB)  

 
9.13 Miscellaneous Food & Kindred Products


9.13.1 Fish Processing

  • 9.13.1 Fish Processing Final Section - January 1995 (pdf) (44.99 KB)  

  • 9.13.1 Fish Processing Background Document (pdf) (716.98 KB)

9.13.2 Coffee Roasting

  • 9.13.2 Coffee Roasting Final Section - Supplement A, September 1995 (pdf) (135.68 KB)

  • 9.13.2 Coffee Roasting Background Document (pdf) (93.21 KB)

9.13.3 Snack Chip Deep Fat Frying

  • 9.13.3 Snack Chip Deep Fat Frying Final Section - January 1995 (pdf) (27.1 KB)

  • 9.13.3 Snack Chip Deep Fat Frying Background Document (pdf) (154 KB)

9.13.4 Yeast Production

  • 9.13.4 Yeast Production Final Section - January 1995 (pdf) (30.92 KB)  

  • 9.13.4 Yeast Production Background Document (pdf) (131.74 KB)

9.15 Leather Tanning

  • 9.15 Leather Tanning Final Section - Supplement C, July 1997 (pdf) (31.66 KB)
  • 9.15 Leather Tanning Background Document (pdf) (73.8 KB)

Related Emission Factor Documents

  • Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs, Final Report, December 2002 (pdf) (1.5 MB) . This study was supported by the National Academy of Sciences and the US EPA, and a grant between the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Agriculture.
  • Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations: Current Knowledge, Future Needs, Final Report, December 2002 (pdf) (1.03 MB) . This is the interim report of the National Academy of Sciences Committee on Air Emissions from Animal Feeding Operations. The interim report is intended to provide the committee's findings to date on assessment of scientific issues involved in estimating air emissions from animal feeding operations as related to current animal production systems and practices in the United States. For more information contact Bill Schrock, Emission Standards Division, Office of Air Quality Planning and Standards.
  • Emissions From Animal Feeding Operations, Preliminary draft report, (pdf) (1 MB)

AP 42 Emissions Factors by Chapter

Air Emissions Factors and Quantification

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  • AP-42
  • Emissions Estimation Tools
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Last updated on May 29, 2025
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