Track 3: Large Format Batteries – Expanding End of Life Management
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Summary
As required by the Infrastructure Investment and Jobs Act, the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency is developing best practices for state, Tribal, and local governments to recycle batteries in a manner that is technically and economically feasible, environmentally sound and safe, and optimizes the value and use of materials, including critical materials.
On June 17, 2025, EPA hosted a virtual working session on expanding the end-of-life (EOL) management for large format batteries, including recycling and refurbishing, as part of EPA’s work to develop battery collection best practices and voluntary labeling guidelines. For purposes of these discussions, large format batteries are rechargeable batteries over 25 pounds and often used in electric, hybrid, and internal combustion engine vehicles; other motive equipment; and stationary energy storage systems.
EPA began the working session by providing an overview of common challenges and opportunities for large format batteries, before outlining its vision for the voluntary battery labeling guidelines, battery collection best practices toolkit, extended battery producer responsibility (EPR) framework, and voluntary labeling guidelines. Then, speakers from the U.S. Department of Transportation (DOT) Pipeline and Hazardous Materials Safety Administration (PHMSA), Pull-A-Part, and Moment Energy, shared their perspectives on different steps in the large format EOL management supply chain, including transportation policies and opportunities and best practices for electric vehicle (EV) battery collection and EOL management. Panelists from Redwood Materials, Cirba Solutions, and Ascend Elements concluded the working session, providing insight on how their battery processing and recycling companies are addressing key challenges in EOL large format battery management.
Participants shared their thoughts and submitted questions throughout the working session. These questions and answers are summarized in the slides linked below.