Subpart RR – Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide
This rule requires reporting of greenhouse gases (GHGs) from facilities that inject carbon dioxide underground for geologic sequestration. Geologic sequestration (GS) is the long-term containment of carbon dioxide in subsurface geologic formations. Subpart RR requires facilities meeting the source category definition (40 CFR 98.440) for any well or group of wells to develop and implement an EPA-approved monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) plan; report data such as the mass of CO2 received for injection and the mass of CO2 injected, produced, or leaked to the surface; report the mass of CO2 sequestered using a mass balance approach; and report annual monitoring activities.
This rule is complementary to and builds on EPA's Federal Requirements under the Underground Injection Control (UIC) Program for Carbon Dioxide Geologic Sequestration Wells.
Visit the Supply, Underground Injection, and Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide page for more information about this sector.
- Frequently Asked Questions
- Implementation Information
- Subpart RR Submission Deadlines
- Subpart RR Final Decisions
- Promulgated Rules
Frequently Asked Questions
What are MRV plans under subpart RR? Facilities covered by subpart RR must develop and submit to the Administrator a proposed monitoring, reporting, and verification (MRV) plan for geologic sequestration at their facility. Under subpart RR, facilities must receive approval from EPA for all MRV plans, requests for a R&D project exemption, and requests to discontinue reporting. Any subpart RR decision is applicable only to the MRV plan, project exemption, or request to discontinue reporting for a given facility and does not constitute an EPA endorsement of the project, technologies, or parties involved. As described in the General Technical Support Document for Injection and Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide: Subparts RR and UU (pdf) (1 MB), MRV plans generally must include the following five major components:
- Delineation of the maximum monitoring area (MMA), and active monitoring areas (AMAs);
- Identification of the potential surface leakage pathways and an assessment of the likelihood, magnitude, and timing of surface leakage through CO2 through these pathways;
- Strategy for detection and quantification of surface leakage;
- Approach for establishing the expected baselines; and
- Considerations made to calculate site-specific variables for the mass balance equation.
The full list of MRV plan requirements is listed at 40 CFR 98.448.
Are MRV plans required to include specific monitoring strategies or technologies? The required contents of an MRV plan are listed at 40 CFR 98.448, and do not currently require specific monitoring technologies. Facilities can submit a draft MRV plan based on site-specific conditions and examples of possible monitoring technologies are provided in the General Technical Support Document for Injection and Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide: Subparts RR and UU (pdf) (1 MB).
How does EPA verify that the subpart RR data are accurate? The GHGRP has a multifaceted approach to ensuring the accuracy of data reported under the program, including: 1) clear and consistent monitoring and reporting requirements for each industry sector; 2) electronic reporting coupled with real-time user support and validations checks; and 3) a data verification system that includes electronic data checks as well as EPA correspondence with reporters to identify and correct potential errors.
How does subpart RR relate to the IRS 45Q Tax Credit? While both subpart RR and the 45Q tax credit program relate to carbon sequestration, they were developed and are implemented independently by separate federal agencies. The EPA does not implement the Section 45Q tax credit program and is not privy to taxpayer data. Any questions or concerns about this tax credit program should be directed to the Internal Revenue Service (IRS).
Where can I find data reported under subpart RR? The sequestration data reported under subpart RR are publicly available on the EPA's Facility-Level Information on Greenhouse gases Tool (FLIGHT). On the FLIGHT page, users can select the "Geologic Sequestration of CO2 (RR)" option from the Facility Type dropdown and click "Apply Search" to see facility-level data. View annual monitoring reports submitted by facilities who report data under subpart RR.
Visit the Supply, Underground Injection, and Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide page for more information about this sector. Note that facilities that supply or capture and maintain custody of a carbon dioxide stream in order to sequester or otherwise inject it underground may also be required to report data under subpart PP (Suppliers of Carbon Dioxide).
Implementation Information
Subpart RR Submission Deadlines
If you are subject to subpart RR and were issued a final Underground Injection Control (UIC) permit (any class) on or after January 1, 2011:
- Certificate of Representation is due 60 days prior to submission of a proposed monitoring, reporting and verification (MRV) plan (or extension request) or Research and Development (R&D) project exemption request
- Proposed MRV plan (or extension request) or R&D project exemption request is due within 180 days of receiving your final UIC permit
Subpart RR Submissions and Final Decisions
Under subpart RR, facilities must receive approval from EPA for all MRV plans, requests for a R&D project exemption, and requests to discontinue reporting. Any interested person can formally appeal any of these decisions.* More Information. Note that any subpart RR decision pertains only to subpart RR, and does not in any way replace, remove, or affect Underground Injection Control (UIC) permitting obligations. Furthermore, any subpart RR decision is applicable only to the MRV plan for a given facility and does not constitute an EPA endorsement of the project, technologies, or parties involved. To view annual monitoring reports submitted by subpart RR facilities, please see the Subpart RR Annual Monitoring Reports page.
Posted below are final decisions under 40 CFR Part 98, subpart RR.
MRV Plan Decisions
| Facility Name | Owner/Operator | Facility ID | State | UIC Well Class | Date of Final Decision | Final Decision Documents |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Shute Creek Facility | ExxonMobil Corporation | 1002150 | Wyoming | Class II | April 9, 2025 | Shute Creek Facility Decision |
| Eastern Wyoming Sequestration Hub, Juniper I-1 | Tallgrass High Plains Carbon Storage, LLC | 1015123 | Wyoming | Class VI | April 9, 2025 | Juniper I-1 Decision |
| Titan Treating Facility | Northwind Midstream Partners LLC | 1013725 | New Mexico | Class II | April 9, 2025 | Titan Decision |
| Bull Moose Gas Plant | Targa Midstream Services LLC | 1015124 | Texas | Class II | April 9, 2025 | Bull Moose Decision |
| Wildcat Gas Plant | Targa Delaware LLC | 1013183 | Texas | Class II | January 8, 2025 | Wildcat Gas Plant Decision |
| Campo Viejo Gas Processing Plant | Stakeholder Gas Services, LLC | 1013609 | Texas | Class II | December 17, 2024 | Campo Viejo Gas Processing Plant Decision |
| CV Carbon | CV Carbon | Multiple | Multiple | Not Applicable | November 21, 2024 | CV Carbon Decision |
| O'Neal Gas Unit Well No. 4 | Ozona CCS, LLC | 1014786 | Texas | Class II | October 28, 2024 | O'Neal Gas Decision |
| Denver City Fields | CapturePoint, LLC | 1013859 | Texas | Class II | October 15, 2024 | Denver City Fields Decision |
| Mongoose Amine Treating Facility | Bayswater Operating, LLC | 1014747 | Texas | Class II | September 25, 2024 | Mongoose Amine Decision |
| Summit Carbon Storage #3, LLC | Summit Carbon Solutions, LLC, et al. | 1014782 | North Dakota | Class VI | September 16, 2024 | Summit Carbon Storage #3 Decision |
| Summit Carbon Storage #2, LLC | Summit Carbon Solutions, LLC, et al. | 1014781 | North Dakota | Class VI | September 16, 2024 | Summit Carbon Storage #2 Decision |
| Summit Carbon Storage #1, LLC | Summit Carbon Solutions, LLC, et al. | 1014783 | North Dakota | Class VI | September 16, 2024 | Summit Carbon Storage #1 Decision |
| Maljamar Gas Plant | Frontier Field Services LLC | 1008432 | New Mexico | Class II | August 30, 2024 | Maljamar Gas Decision |
| Red Hills Gas Processing Plant | Targa Resources Corporation | 1011064 | New Mexico | Class II | August 30, 2024 | Red Hills Gas Decision |
| Wellman | CapturePoint, LLC | 1009875 | Texas | Class II | July 8, 2024 | Wellman Decision |
| Dark Horse Treating Plant | Pinon Midstream, LLC | 1014467 | New Mexico | Class II | June 10, 2024 | Dark Horse Decision |
| Archer Daniels Midland Co. | Archer Daniels Midland Company | 1005661 | Illinois | Class VI | May 14, 2024 | Archer Daniels Midland Decision |
| Rangely Gas Plant | Scout Energy Management | 1009244 | Colorado | Class II | April 26, 2024 | Rangely Gas Decision |
| CTV/CRC Elk Hills Carbon Project | California Resources Corporation | 1014435 | California | Class VI | February 22, 2024 | CTV/CRC Elk Hills Decision |
| SPG CO2 Bowie Facility | EOG SPG Holdings, Inc. | 1014507 | Texas | Class II | February 8, 2024 | SPG CO2 Bowie Facility Decision |
| Booker Field Area | CapturePoint, LLC | 1009946 | Texas | Class II | December 18, 2023 | Booker Field Decision |
| Wasson San Andres Field | Occidental Permian Ltd | 1011767 | Texas | Class II | August 21, 2023 | Denver Unit Decision |
| Seminole San Andres Unit | OXY USA Inc. | 1009861 | Texas | Class II | August 21, 2023 | Seminole San Andres Unit Decision |
| Kinder Morgan CCS Complex | Kinder Morgan Permian CCS LLC | 1014543 | Texas | Class II | July 20, 2023 | Kinder Morgan Decision |
| Barnett RDC Well No. 1 | BKV dCarbon Ventures, LLC | 1014524 | Texas | Class II | July 7, 2023 | Barnett Decision |
| Blue Flint Sequester Company, LLC | Harvestone Low Carbon Partners | 1014505 | North Dakota | Class VI | June 22, 2023 | Blue Flint Decision |
| Great Plains Synfuels Plant | Dakota Gasification Company | 1002440 | North Dakota | Class VI | January 12, 2023 | Great Plains Decision |
| Camrick Unit | CapturePoint, LLC | 1009997 | Oklahoma | Class II | December 14, 2022 | Camrick Unit Decision |
| 30-30 Gas Plant | Stakeholder Gas Services, LLC | 1013701 | Texas | Class II | November 4, 2022 | 30-30 Gas Plant Decision |
| Seminole East Field (SEF) | Block T Petroleum, Inc | 1012091 | Texas | Class II | October 20, 2022 | Seminole East Field Decision |
| Red Trail Energy, LLC | Jodi Johnson | 1001157 | North Dakota | Class VI | April 7, 2022 | Red Trail Decision |
| Tundra SGS LLC | Minnkota Power Cooperative, Inc. | 1014103 | North Dakota | Class VI | April 5, 2022 | Tundra SGS Decision |
| Petra Nova West Ranch | Petra Nova LLC | 1013810 | Texas | Class II | September 30, 2021 | Petra Nova West Ranch Decision |
| Farnsworth Unit CO2 Flood | CapturePoint, LLC | 1009999 | Texas | Class II | June 30, 2021 | Farnsworth Unit CO2 Flood Decision |
| West Seminole San Andres Unit | OXY USA WTP LP | 1013793 | Texas | Class II | January 12, 2021 | West Seminole San Andres Unit Decision |
| North Burbank Unit | CapturePoint, LLC | 1010975 | Oklahoma | Class II | December 16, 2020 | North Burbank Unit Decision |
| Core Energy Otsego County EOR Operations | Core Energy LLC | 1010117 | Michigan | Class II | October 12, 2018 | Core Energy Otsego County Decision |
| Hobbs Field | Occidental Permian Ltd | 1012121 | New Mexico | Class II | January 12, 2017 | Hobbs Field Decision |
R&D Project Exemption Requests
| Project Name | UIC Well Class | Date of Final Decision | Final Decision Documents |
|---|---|---|---|
| Boise White Paper LLC Wallula Basalt Carbon Dioxide Pilot Study | Class V | May 29, 2013 | Boise White Paper Decision (May 2013) |
| SECARB Phase III Anthropogenic Test | Class V | June 29, 2012 | SECARB Decision |
| Archer Daniels Midland Company Midwest Geologic Sequestration Consortium Project | Class I | October 12, 2011 | Archer Daniels Decision |
| Boise White Paper LLC Wallula Basalt Carbon Dioxide Pilot Study | Class V | August 12, 2011 | Boise White Paper Decision (August 2011) |
| American Electric Power's Mountaineer Plant project | Class V | July 29, 2011 | American Electric Power Decision |
MRV Plan Submissions (Submitted to EPA, In Review)
| Facility Name | Owner/Operator | Facility ID | State | UIC Well Class | Date Submitted |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Brown Pelican CO2 Sequestration Project | Occidental Permian, Ltd. | 1015461 | Texas | Class VI | March 27, 2025 |
| Lima Tango CCS 1 | BKV dCarbon Ventures, LLC | 1015343 | Texas | Class II | February 6, 2025 |
| INDIAN ROCK PLANT | Sulphur River Gathering LLC | 1007130 | Texas | Class II | December 12, 2024 |
| Cotton Cove CCS 1 | BKV dCarbon Ventures, LLC | 1015181 | Texas | Class II | November 14, 2024 |
| Chester 21-29N-02W | Riverside Energy Holdings | 1015227 | Michigan | Class II | November 1, 2024 |
| Lisbon Valley Gas Plant | Green Natural Ventures, LLC | 1002414 | Utah | Class II | September 30, 2024 |
| Copperhead Gas Plant | Targa Midstream Services LLC | 1015153 | New Mexico | Class II | September 26, 2024 |
| Targa Permian CO2 Sequestration Well | Targa Resources Corp | 1015130 | Texas | Class II | August 26, 2024 |
| Milestone Carbon Delaware CCS Hub | Milestone Carbon Delaware CCS Hub, LLC | 1015122 | Texas | Class II, Class VI | July 31, 2024 |
| South Plains Complex | Occidental Permian, Ltd. | 1014924 | Texas | Class II | April 11, 2024 |
| Unity Energy, LLC | Unity Energy, LLC | 1014757 | Texas | Class V | October 2, 2023 |
* See 40 CFR Part 78 for appeals procedures, including the requirement that appeals must be made within 30 days after EPA's decision.
Promulgated Rules
| Federal Register Date | Citation | Action | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| 12/09/2016 | 81 FR 89188 | Final Rule | Revises 29 subparts to streamline implementation, improve data quality, provide flexibility, and clarify the rule. Establishes confidentiality determinations for new or substantially revised data elements. Final action in response to a Petition for Reconsideration. Final Preamble and Rule (December 2016) (pdf) (87 pp, 801 KB) Response to Comments (December 2016) Final Rule Fact Sheet (pdf) Memo: Table of Final 2015 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule Proposed Preamble and Rule (December 2016) (pdf) (91 pp, 890 KB) |
| 11/29/2013 | 78 FR 71904 | Final Rule | Updates global warming potentials (GWPs) to reflect IPCC AR4 values, and amends 27 subparts to improve and clarify reporting requirements. Establishes confidentiality determinations for new and revised data elements. Final Preamble and Rule (November 2013) (pdf) (79 pp, 935 KB) Correction Notice (pdf) (2 pp, 248 KB) Response to Comments (November 2013) Fact Sheet (pdf) Memo: Table of Final 2013 Revisions to the Greenhouse Gas Reporting Rule (pdf) Proposed Preamble and Rule (November 2013) (pdf) (77 pp, 909 KB) |
| 08/13/2012 | 77 FR 48072 | Final Rule | Establishes confidentiality determinations for most data elements to be reported under subparts I, W, DD, FF, II, QQ, RR, SS, TT, and UU; defers the deadline for reporting certain recently added data elements that are inputs to emission equations in subparts W, FF, and TT; finalizes amendments to subpart I to remove the requirement for a facility using Best Available Monitoring Methods (BAMM) to recalculate the previous reporting years’ emissions and resubmit to EPA. Final Preamble and Rule (August 2012) (pdf) (88 pp, 287 KB) Response to Comments (August 2012) Fact Sheet (August 2012) (pdf) (44.1 KB) Proposed Preamble and Rule (2/24/2012) (pdf) (23 pp, 261 KB) Proposed Preamble and Rule (2/22/2012) (pdf) (17 pp, 212 KB) Proposed Preamble and Rule (1/10/2012) (pdf) (19 pp, 230 KB) More Information (August 2012) |
| 11/29/2011 | 76 FR 73866 | Final Rule | Amends subparts A, W, FF, II, OO, RR, and TT to clarify reporting requirements and correct technical and editorial errors. Final Preamble and Rule (November 2011) (pdf) (25 pp, 341 KB) Response to Comments (November 2011) Fact Sheet (November 2011) (pdf) (48 KB) Proposed Preamble and Rule (November 2011) (pdf) (30 pp, 427 KB) More Information (November 2011) |
| 12/01/2010 | 75 FR 75060 | Final Rule | Adds subparts RR (Geologic Sequestration of Carbon Dioxide) and subpart UU (Injection of Carbon Dioxide) to 40 CFR Part 98. Final Preamble and Rule (December 2010) (pdf) (31 pp, 340 KB) Response to Comments (December 2010) (pdf) (1,505 KB) Subpart RR Press Release (11/22/2010) Subpart RR Factsheet (pdf) (47.7 KB) Subpart RR Frequently Asked Questions (pdf) (56.1 KB) Subpart RR PowerPoint Briefing (pdf) (43.2 KB) Subpart RR General Technical Support Document (pdf) (1,201 KB) Subpart RR Economic Impact Analysis (pdf) (509 KB) Proposed Preamble and Rule (December 2010) (pdf) (31 pp, 280 KB) |
This information is provided by EPA solely for informational purposes. It does not provide legal advice, have legally binding effect, or expressly or implicitly create, expand, or limit any legal rights, obligations, responsibilities, expectations, or benefits in regard to any person.