Using Smart Growth Techniques as Stormwater Best Management Practices
EPA developed the Stormwater Management Best Practices (pdf) (2005) to help communities that have adopted smart growth policies and plans recognize the water benefits of those approaches and integrate those policies into stormwater planning and compliance.
Communities across the country are adopting smart growth strategies to achieve environmental, community, and economic goals. Development strategies that use compact development forms, a mix of uses, better use of existing infrastructure, and preservation of critical environmental areas can protect water quality.
While the water quality and stormwater benefits of smart growth are widely acknowledged, there had been little explicit regulatory recognition of these benefits. Regulations under the National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System (NPDES) stormwater program offered a structure for considering the water quality benefits associated with smart growth techniques.
Compliance with federal, state, and local stormwater programs revolved around the use of “Best Management Practices,” or BMPs, to manage stormwater. Given the "built in" water benefits of smart growth at the site, neighborhood and watershed levels, smart growth techniques and policies emerged as BMPs to manage stormwater runoff over the life of development and redevelopment projects.
Taking credit for the work a community is already doing can be a low-cost and practical approach to meeting water quality goals and regulatory commitments. Examples of smart growth techniques and approaches covered in this publication include:
- Regional planning.
- Infill development.
- Redevelopment policies.
- Special development districts (e.g., transit oriented development and brownfields redevelopment).
- Tree and canopy programs.
- Parking policies to reduce the number of spaces needed or the footprint of the lot.
- "Fix It First" infrastructure policies.
- Smart growth street designs.
- Stormwater utilities.
Learn more about smart growth and water.