Ports Primer: A4. Endnotes and Image Sources

2.1 The Role of Ports

Endnotes

1. U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf). (pp. 8, 6.9 MB)
2. American Association of Port Authorities. 2013. U.S. Public Port Facts.
3. U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf). (pp. 43-44, 69 MB)
4. American Association of Port Authorities. 2013. U.S. Port Industry.
5. American Association of Port Authorities. 2013. U.S. Port Industry.
6. American Association of Port Authorities. 2014. National Economic Impact of the U.S. Coastal Port System: Executive Summary (pdf). (496 KB)
7. American Association of Port Authorities. 2013. U.S. Public Port Facts.
8. U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf). (pp. 43-45, 6.9 MB)
9. Adapted from: U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf). (pp. 44-45, 6.9 MB)

Image Sources

• U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf). (pp. 45, 6.9 MB)
• ©iStock.com/michaeljung – Not For Reuse
• ©iStock.com/TERADAT SANTIVIVUT – Not For Reuse
• ©iStock.com/kozmoat98 – Not For Reuse

2.2 Current Port Industry Challenges

Endnotes

1. U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf). (pp. 8, 6.9 MB)
2. U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf). (pp. 11, 6.9 MB)
3. U.S. Department of Transportation. 2009. America’s Container Ports. (pp. 11)

3.1 Port Operations

Endnotes

1. Adapted from: American Association of Port Authorities. 2013. U.S. Public Port Facts.
2. American Association of Port Authorities. 2013. U.S. Public Port Facts.
3. Definitions adapted from: American Association of Port Authorities. 2013. Glossary of Maritime Terms.
4. Adapted from: Sherman, Rexford B. Seaport Governance in the United States and Canada (pdf) (69 KB).
5. Definitions adapted from: American Association of Port Authorities. 2013. Glossary of Maritime Terms.
6. Definitions adapted from: American Association of Port Authorities. 2013. Glossary of Maritime Terms.

Image Sources

• ©iStock.com/bugphai – Not For Reuse

3.2 Port Governance

Endnotes

1, 2, 3. Adapted from: Sherman, Rexford B. Seaport Governance in the United States and Canada (pdf) (69 KB).

4. Community Action Roadmap: Empowering Near-port Communities.

3.3 Federal and International Governance

Endnotes

1. Adapted from: Sherman, Rexford B. Seaport Governance in the United States and Canada (pdf) (69 KB).
2. U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf) (pp. 35, 6.9 M) .
3. Sherman, Rexford B. Seaport Governance in the United States and Canada (pdf) (69 KB).
4. U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf) (pp. 35, 6.9 MB).
5. U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf) (pp. 36, 6.9 MB).
6. Quoted from: U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf) (pp. 35, 6.9 MB).

4.1 Port Impacts to Local Communities

Endnotes

4.2 Case Studies: Port-Community Relations

Endnotes

1. Baltimore Port Alliance. 2013. About the Baltimore Port Alliance.
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. Port Stakeholders Summit: Advancing More Sustainable Ports. Summit: Meeting Summary (pdf) (439 KB, April 2014)
3. Baltimore Port Alliance. 2013. Education and Outreach – Serving Communities, Serving Ports.

5.1 Goods Movement and Transportation Planning

Endnotes

1. Adapted from and images from: Rhodes, Suzann. 2011. Talking Freight (pdf) (6.9 MB). [Presentation prepared for the Transportation Research Board].
2. National Cooperative Freight Research Program. 2012. Guidebook for Understanding Urban Goods Movement.
3. Adapted from and images from: Rhodes, Suzann. 2011. Talking Freight (pdf) (6.9 MB). [Presentation prepared for the Transportation Research Board].
4. Adapted from and images from: Rhodes, Suzann. 2011. Talking Freight (pdf) (6.9 MB). [Presentation prepared for the Transportation Research Board].
5. Adapted from: U.S. DOT. The Transportation Planning Process Key Issues: A Briefing Book for Transportation Decision-makers, Officials and Staff.
6. U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf) (page 22, 6.9 MB).

Image Sources

• U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf) (pp. 22, 6.9 M).
• Rhodes, Suzann. 2011. Talking Freight (pdf) (6.9 MB). [Presentation prepared for the Transportation Research Board].
• ©iStock.com/bugphai – Not For Reuse
• ©iStock.com/StanRohrer – Not For Reuse
• ©iStock.com/monkeybusinessimages – Not For Reuse

5.2 Land Use

Endnotes

1. Natural Resources Defense Council. 2004. Harboring Pollution: Strategies to Clean Up U.S. Ports (pp. 14-15).
2. Natural Resources Defense Council. 2004. Harboring Pollution: Strategies to Clean Up U.S. Ports (pp. 63-64).

Image Sources

• Natural Resources Defense Council. 2004. Harboring Pollution: Strategies to Clean Up U.S. Ports (pp. 15).
• ©iStock.com/KSuhorukov – Not For Reuse
• ©iStock.com/Michal Krakowiak – Not For Reuse
• ©iStock.com/Leslie Achtymichuk – Not For Reuse

5.3 Potential Community Interests

Endnotes

1. Natural Resources Defense Council. 2004. Harboring Pollution: Strategies to Clean Up U.S. Ports (pp. 15).
2. Natural Resources Defense Council. 2004. Harboring Pollution: Strategies to Clean Up U.S. Ports (pp. 15).
3. Adapted from Natural Resources Defense Council. Clean Cargo: A Guide to Reducing Diesel Air Pollution from the Freight Industry in Your Community (pdf) (pp. 3-5, 6.0 MB)

Image Sources

• Natural Resources Defense Council. Clean Cargo: A Guide to Reducing Diesel Air Pollution from the Freight Industry in Your Community (pdf) (pp. 3-5, 6.0 MB)
• ©iStock.com/AnthonyRosenberg – Not For Reuse

5.4 Case Studies: Land Use and Transportation

Endnotes

1. Adapted from North Channel Star. July 23, 2014. Galena Park: Air Quality Report Cites Health Dangers.
2. Adapted from: Switzer Network News. 2013. Ditching Dirty Diesel with Switzer Fellow Catalina Garzon.
3. Adapted from: Natural Resources Defense Council. 2004. Harboring Pollution: Strategies to Clean Up U.S. Ports.

Image Source

• MattiPavola.

6.1 Local Economy and Jobs

Endnotes

1. Definitions quoted and adapted from: American Association of Port Authorities. 2013. Glossary of Maritime Terms.
2. Smith, Rebecca, Paul Alexander Marvy, and Jon Zerolnick. 2014. The Big Rig Overhaul: Restoring Middle-Class Jobs at America’s Ports through Labor Law Enforcement (pdf) (2.7 MB).
3. Colliers International. 2012. North American Port Analysis (pdf) (pp. 9, 2.7 MB).

Image Sources

• Colliers International. 2012. North American Port Analysis (pdf) (pp. 2, 2.7 MB).
• ©iStock.com/mstahlphoto – Not For Reuse
• ©iStock.com/Susan Chiang – Not For Reuse

6.2 Port Factors Impacting the Regional Economy

Endnotes

1. BBC News. August 6, 2015. “Egypt Launches Suez Canal Expansion.” BBC News.
2. U.S. Department of Transportation. 2018. Port Performance Freight Statistics Program Annual Report to Congress (pp. 15).
3. American Association of Port Authorities. 2017. Port Industry Statistics.
4. American Association of Port Authorities. 2017. Port Industry Statistics.
5. American Association of Port Authorities. 2017. Port Industry Statistics.
6. U.S. Department of Transportation. 2009. America’s Container Ports (pp. 1).
7. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers. 2012. U.S. Port and Inland Waterways Modernization: Preparing for Post-Panamax Vessels (pdf) (pp. XIII, 7.2 MB).
8. U.S. Maritime Administration. 2009. America’s Ports and Intermodal Transportation System (pdf) (pp. 8, 6.9 M).
9. Colliers International. 2012. North American Port Analysis (pdf) (2.7 MB).
10. Colliers International. 2012. North American Port Analysis (pdf) (pp.3, 2.7 MB).
11. Colliers International. 2012. North American Port Analysis (pdf) (pp.2, 2.7 MB).

Image Sources

• Panama Canal Authority.
• U.S. Department of Transportation. 2018. Port Performance Freight Statistics Program: Annual Report to Congress 2018 (pp. 15).
• American Association of Port Authorities. 2017.
• NASA.

6.4 Case Studies: Job and Benefits

Endnotes

1. Adapted from: Port of Oakland. 2015. The Social Responsibility Division (SRD).
2. Quote comes from: Sandifur, Marilyn. 2011. Community Investments Stimulate Cycle of Benefits.
3. Adapted from: Port of Los Angeles. 2017. Port of Los Angeles Project Labor Agreement (pdf) (8.6 MB)

Image Source

• ©iStock.com/Jason Doiy – Not For Reuse

7.1 Environmental Impacts

Endnotes

1. Natural Resources Defense Council. 2004. Harboring Pollution: Strategies to Clean Up U.S. Ports (pdf) (pp. 1-10, 753 KB)
2. U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. Near Roadway Air Pollution and Health: Frequently Asked Questions (pdf) (503 KB, August 2014, EPA-420-F-14-044).

Image Sources

• ©iStock.com/Prasit Rodphan – Not For Reuse
• ©iStock.com/princessdlaf – Not For Reuse

7.2 Air Emissions

Endnotes

1. International Council on Clean Transportation (prepared by Starcrest Consulting Group LLC). 2012. Developing Port Clean Air Programs (pdf) (pp. 3-4, 1.1 MB)
2. International Council on Clean Transportation (prepared by Starcrest Consulting Group LLC). 2012. Developing Port Clean Air Programs (pdf) (pp. 4, 1.1 MB).
3. Summarized from: International Council on Clean Transportation (prepared by Starcrest Consulting Group LLC). 2012. Developing Port Clean Air Programs (pdf) (pp. 7-13, 1.1 MB).
4. International Council on Clean Transportation (prepared by Starcrest Consulting Group LLC). 2012. Developing Port Clean Air Programs (pdf) (pp. 39-55, 1.1 MB).
5. International Council on Clean Transportation (prepared by Starcrest Consulting Group LLC). 2012. Developing Port Clean Air Programs (pdf) (pp. 2, 1.1 M).
6. Adapted/quoted from: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2014. About SmartWay.
7. Adapted from: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2010. Designation of North American Emission Control Area to Reduce Emissions from Ships.

Image Sources

• ©iStock.com/PhillipMinnis – Not For Reuse
• ©iStock.com/yenwen – Not For Reuse

7.3 Federal Environmental Regulations and Programs

Endnotes

1. List quoted from: Natural Resources Defense Council. Defend Your Air: Guide for Reducing Freight Transportation Air Pollution Under the National Environmental Policy Act (NEPA) (pdf) (pp. 8-9, 5.5 MB).
2. Environmental Compliance for Port Tenants and Authorities: About.

7.5 Potential Community Interests

Endnotes

1. Definition provided by the Cambridge Dictionary.
2. Neighborhood Assessment Teams - Case studies from Southern California and instructions on community investigations of traffic-related air pollution. 2013 (pdf).

7.6 Case Studies: Environment

Endnotes

1. Adapted from: Natural Resources Defense Council. 2004. Harboring Pollution: Strategies to Clean Up U.S. Ports.

Additional References

1. Corbett et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2007. Mortality from Ship Emissions: A Global Assessment (7 pp, 1.9 MB)
2. Hricko A. Environ Health Perspect. 2006. Guest Editorial: Ships, Trucks, and Trains: Effects of Goods Movement on Environmental Health. Vol. 114(4) A204-A205.
3. Hricko A. Environ Health Perspect. 2008. Global Trade Comes Home: Community Impacts of Goods Movement. Vol. 116(2) A78-A81.
4. Hricko A. Environ Health Perspect. 2012. Progress and Pollution: Port Cities Prepare for the Panama Canal Expansion. Vol. 120(12) A470-A473
5. Matsuoka et al. 2011. Global Trade Impacts: Addressing the Health, Social and Environmental Consequences of Moving International Freight through Our Communities.
6. Vaishnav et al. Environ. Sci. Technol. 2016. Shore Power for Vessels Calling at U.S. Ports: Benefits and Costs. Vol. 50(3) 1102-1110.

8.2 Citizen Science Projects

Endnotes

1. PolicyLink. 2012. Community-Based Participatory Research: A Strategy for Building Healthy Communities and Promoting Health through Policy Change (pdf) (2.1 MB).
2. Adapted and quoted from: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency. 2015. U.S. EPA’s Air Sensor Toolbox for Citizen Scientists.

Image Source

• ©iStock.com/wdstock – Not For Reuse