Arsenic Treatment Technology Demonstrations

• Full-Scale Demonstration Program
• Final Reports
• Progress Reports
• Summary Reports
• Related Reports and Articles

In 2001, EPA adopted a new standard lowering the permissible amount of arsenic in drinking water from 50 micrograms per liter (µg/L) to 10 µg/L. To help states meet this new standard, EPA announced an initiative for research and development of more cost-effective treatment technologies and to provide technical assistance to operators of small systems to reduce compliance cost. The major portion of the overall research effort was the arsenic full-scale demonstration program.

Full-Scale Demonstration Program

EPA's arsenic demonstration program’s three rounds of projects funded 50 small, full-scale arsenic removal systems in 26 different states impacting over 60,000 consumers. In all cases, the states’ drinking water agencies provided support in the selection and permitting of the technology being demonstrated. Once an arsenic treatment system was installed, the utility deployed it under normal operating conditions for a minimum of one year and assisted EPA in the collection of the performance and cost data. The program evaluated the reliability of the arsenic technologies; gauged the simplicity of system operations, maintenance, and operator skill; determined the cost-effectiveness of the treatment technologies; and characterized treatment residual produced by the technologies.

The performance and cost information generated from each project under the program was used in the preparation of the material below and can be used by small water systems, state agencies, and engineering firms to make informed decisions on the application of arsenic treatment technologies. 

Final Reports

Arizona

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Covered Wells in Tohono O'odham Nation, AZ, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/027) March 2011
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Rimrock, AZ, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-08/008) March 2008 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Valley Vista, AZ, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-07/133) November 2007 

California

• Arsenic and Uranium Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Upper Bodfish in Lake Isabella, CA, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-10/165) December 2010 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, EPA Demonstration Project at Golden Hills Community Services District in Tehachapi, CA, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-10/011) March 2010
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Richmond Elementary School in Susanville, CA, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-09/067) August 2009 

Connecticut

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Woodstock Middle School in Woodstock, CT, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/059) May 2011 

Delaware

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Coagulation/Filtration, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Town of Felton, DE, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-10/039) April 2010 

Idaho

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Point-of-Use Reverse Osmosis (POU RO), , U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Sunset Ranch Development in Homedale, ID, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-07/082) August 2007
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Ion Exchange, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Fruitland, ID, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-10/152) November 2010 

Illinois

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Geneseo Hills Subdivision in Geneseo, IL, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/074) July 2011 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Coagulation/Filtration, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Village of Waynesville, IL, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/071) July 2011  

Indiana

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Northeastern Elementary School in Fountain City, IN, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/025) March 2011
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Oxidation/Filtration and Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Clinton Christian School in Goshen, IN, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-10/167) December 2010 

Louisiana

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Coagulation/Filtration, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Town of Arnaudville, LA, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/060) May 2011 

Maine

• Arsenic and Antimony Removal from Drinking Water by Point-of-Entry Reverse Osmosis Coupled With Dual Plumbing Distribution, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Carmel Elementary School in Carmel, ME, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/026) March 2011
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Spring Brook Mobile Home Park in Wales, ME, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-10/012) March 2010

Maryland

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Queen Anne’s County, Maryland, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-08/141) December 2008 

Michigan

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Brown City, MI, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-08/142) December 2008
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at City of Sandusky, MI, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-08/007) March 2008 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Coagulation/Filtration, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Village of Pentwater, MI, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-08/011) January 2008 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at City of Sandusky, MI, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-07/147) December 2007

Minnesota

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Sabin, MN, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-10/033) April 2010
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal and Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Stewart, MN, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-09/144) December 2009
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Big Sauk Lake Mobile Home Park in Sauk Centre, MN, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-09/013) February 2009  
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Climax, MN, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-06/152) December 2006 

Montana

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Coagulation/Filtration, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at City of  Three Forks, MT, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-09/113) October 2009 

Nevada

• Arsenic and Antimony Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at South Truckee Meadows General Improvement District (STMGID), NV, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-09/016) February 2009  

New Hampshire

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Rollinsford, NH, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-09/017) February 2009 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Goffstown, NH, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-09/015) February 2009
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Bow, NH, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-08/006) March 2008 

New Mexico

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Nambe Pueblo, New Mexico, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-10/164) December 2010
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Taos, NM, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-09/014) February 2009 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Desert Sands MDWCA, NM, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-08/140) December 2008 

North Dakota

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Process Modifications to Coagulation/Filtration, , U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Lidgerwood, ND, Final Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-06/159) December 2006.

Ohio

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at LEADS Head Start Building in Buckeye Lake, OH, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/002) January 2011
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Chateau Estates Mobile Home Park in Springfield, OH, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-07/072) August 2007 

Oregon

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Point-of-Entry/Point-of-Use Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Oregon Institute of Technology at Klamath Falls, OR, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/035) April 2011 
• Arsenic and Nitrate Removal from Drinking Water by Ion Exchange, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Vale, OR, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/040) April 2011

Pennsylvania

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Coagulation/Filtration, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Conneaut Lake Park in Conneaut Lake, PA, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/073) July 2011 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Seely-Brown Village in Pomfret, CT, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/072) July 2011 

South Dakota

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Lead, South Dakota, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-10/179) December 2010

Texas

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Oak Manor Municipal Utility District at Alvin, TX, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-10/045) May 2010
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Webb Consolidated Independent School District in Bruni, TX, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-10/040) April 2010
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Wellman, TX, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-09/145) December 2009  

Utah

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Hot Springs Mobile Home Park in Willard, Utah, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-11/070) July 2011  

Vermont

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Dummerston, VT, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-08/081) July 2008  

Washington

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Coagulation/Filtration, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at the City of Okanogan, WA, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-10/166) December 2010 

​Wisconsin

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Vintage on the Ponds in Delavan, WI, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-09/066) August 2009 

Progress Reports

Arizona

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Valley Vista, AZ, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-06/083) September 2006 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Rimrock, AZ, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-05/159) December 2005 

California

• Arsenic and Uranium Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Upper Bodfish in Lake Isabella, CA, Interim Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-08/026) April 2008 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Richmond Elementary School in Susanville, CA, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-07/024) June 2007

Idaho

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Ion Exchange, , U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Fruitland, ID, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA 600/R-07/017) April 2007
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Point-of-Use Reverse Osmosis, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Sunset Ranch Development in Homedale, ID, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-06/094) October 2006 

Maine

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Spring Brook Mobile Home Park in Wales, ME, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-06/090) September 2006 

Maryland

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Queen Anne’s County, MD, Six-month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-06/007) February 2006

Michigan

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Coagulation/Filtration, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Village of Pentwater, MI, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-07/050) June 2007
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Brown City, MI, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-06/004) January 2006

Minnesota

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal and Adsorptive Media, , U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Stewart, MN, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-07/047) June 2007
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Big Sauk Lake Mobile Home Park in Sauk Centre, MN, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-07/048) June 2007
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Sabin, MN, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-08/005) January 2008 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Climax, MN, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-06/006) March 2006 

Nevada

• Arsenic and Antimony Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, , U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at South Truckee Meadows General Improvement District (STMGID), NV, Interim Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-07/081) August 2007

New Hampshire

• ​Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Program at Goffstown, NH, Six-month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-06/125) November 2006
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Bow, NH, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-06/031) April 2006
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Rollinsford, NH, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-05/116) October 2005 

New Mexico

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Desert Sands MDWCA, NM, Six Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-05/079) September 2005

Ohio

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Chateau Estates Mobile Home Park in Springfield, OH, Six-Month Evaluation (EPA/600/R-07/016) March 2007

Texas

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Wellman, TX, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-08/080) July 2008
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Oak Manor Municipal Utility District at Alvin, TX, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-08/018) April 2008 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Webb Consolidated Independent School District in Bruni, TX, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-07/049) June 2007

Vermont

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media,, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Dummerston, VT, Six-month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-07/003) January 2007

Wisconsin

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Vintage on the Ponds in Delavan, WI, Six-Month Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-07/083) September 2007

Summary Reports

• Technology Selection and System Design, U.S. EPA Arsenic Technology Demonstration Program, Round 1 (EPA/600/R-05/001) November 2004 
• Arsenic/Radium Removal from Drinking Water by the HMO Process U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Greenville, WI, Round 2 (EPA/600/R-11/087) August 2011 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Climax, MN, Project Summary (EPA/600/S-06/152) February 2007 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at Springfield, OH, Project Summary (EPA/600/S-07/072) June 2007 

Related Reports and Articles

Adsorptive Media System

• Assessing Arsenic Removal by Metal (Hydr) Oxide Adsorptive Media Using Rapid Small Scale Column Tests (EPA/600/R-08/051) April 2008 
• Design Manual, Removal of Arsenic from Drinking Water by Adsorptive Media (EPA/600/R-03/019) March 2003 

Coagulation/Filtration Systems

• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Coagulation/Filtration, U.S. EPA Demonstration Project at City of Three Forks, MT, Final Performance Evaluation Report (EPA/600/R-09/113) October 2009 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Coagulation/Filtration and Lime-Softening Plants (EPA/600/R-00/063) June 2000

Ion Exchange Systems

• Design Manual, Removal of Arsenic from Drinking Water by Ion Exchange (EPA/600/R-03/080) June 2003  
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Ion Exchange and Activated Alumina Plants (EPA/600/R-00/088) October 2000 

Iron Removal Systems

• Design Manual, Removal from Drinking Water Supplies by Iron Removal Process (EPA/600/R-06/030) April 2006 
• Arsenic Removal from Drinking Water by Iron Removal Plants (EPA/600/R-00/086) August 2000

Residuals

• Treatment of Arsenic Residuals from Drinking Water Removal Processes (EPA/600/R-01/033) June 2001 

Arsenic Technology Costs

• Costs of Arsenic Removal Technologies for Small Water Systems: U.S. EPA Arsenic Removal Technology Demonstration Program (EPA/600/R-11/090) September 2011 
• Capital Costs of Arsenic Removal Technologies, U.S. Arsenic Removal Technology Demonstration Program, Round 1 (EPA/600/R-04/201) December 2004
• The Costs of Small Drinking Water Systems Removing Arsenic from Groundwater (Journal article) May 2015

Arsenic Research

• Treatment Technologies for Arsenic Removal (EPA/600/S-05/006) November 2005 
• Oxidation of As (III) by Aeration and Storage (EPA/600/R-01/102) January 2002 
• Laboratory Study on the Oxidation of Arsenic (III) to Arsenic (V) (EPA/600/R-01/021) March 2001 

Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Publications

• Technology Brief: Arsenic Treatment Technologies (EPA/600/S-07/007) January 2007 
• Technology Brief: Arsenic Monitoring Technologies (EPA/600/S-07/005) January 2007 
• Environmental Technology Verification (ETV) Program Case Studies, Demonstrating Program Outcomes (EPA/600/R-06/001) January 2006 (See Section 3.1, Arsenic Drinking Water Treatment Technologies)