Superfund Sites in Reuse in Ohio
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ALLIED CHEMICAL & IRONTON COKE
The 129-acre Allied Chemical & Ironton Coke Superfund site is next to the Ohio River and Ice Creek in Ironton, Ohio. A coke plant was on-site from 1917 to 1982. The site includes the coke plant and five lagoons, a 28-acre tar plant, parts of Ice Creek, and a 4-acre former sand and gravel pit used for disposal of tar plant waste and foundry sand. Site operations include pumping and treatment of contaminated groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 1983. The potentially responsible party (PRP) led cleanup activities. The remedy included an underground barrier to contain contaminated groundwater, groundwater treatment, removal and treatment of contaminated soil, a protective sediment cap, and a solid waste soil cover. The PRP prepared a 37-acre area not requiring further cleanup for industrial reuse and transferred this area to the city of Ironton (the City) in 2002. The City then conveyed part of the area to the Ohio Department of Transportation (ODOT). ODOT built a county garage for highway maintenance activities and office space. In 2011 and 2012, EPA’s Superfund Redevelopment Program provided support for reuse planning at the site. The project’s reuse assessment identified economic development reuse zones and areas not suitable for reuse. In 2014, the PRP completed Ohio River cleanup work. Work on the tar plant remedy finished in 2016. After cleanup, EPA took most of the site off the NPL in 2020. Several industrial and commercial businesses are active on-site. In August 2021,the PRP announced the installation of a 2.3-acre solar project at the former tar plant area. The solar panels will supply 100% of the power needed to run the groundwater treatment plant, about 1.2 million kilowatt hours a year. Powering the treatment system with solar energy is expected to offset more than 800 tons of the plant’s annual carbon emissions. With EPA oversight, project installation finished in 2022.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 8 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 125 people and generated an estimated $30,331,340 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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BEHR DAYTON THERMAL SYSTEM VOC PLUME
The Behr Dayton Thermal System VOC Plume Superfund site is in Dayton, Ohio. It consists of a relatively large plume of contaminated groundwater that came from several industrial facilities. Beginning in 1936, on-site facility operations included vehicle air conditioning, engine cooling systems manufacturing and industrial laundry services. They also included chemical storage and repackaging, and molded urethane products manufacturing. These operations resulted in the contamination of groundwater beneath the site with volatile organic compounds (VOCs) – VOCs easily become vapors or gases. In 2006, Ohio EPA and EPA found high levels of contaminated vapors in soils and homes above the groundwater plume. To address this, EPA oversaw the installation of vapor mitigation systems in over 250 homes. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 2009. In 2018, a potentially responsible party began addressing the part of the groundwater plume with the highest VOC concentrations through an interim action overseen by EPA. It involves converting groundwater contaminants to vapor (air sparging) and extracting them from underground (soil vapor extraction). Also in 2018, EPA issued a Proposed Plan to address the central part of the groundwater plume. EPA then selected the site’s interim remedy in 2019. In 2021, EPA entered a legal agreement with two responsible parties to design this remedy. In late 2022, the responsible parties began conducting additional investigation activities to inform this design. The cleanup will involve more air sparging, soil vapor extraction, and vapor intrusion monitoring, mitigation and maintenance. Site uses include residential, commercial and industrial areas. There are also several city parks on-site.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 3 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 1,800 people and generated an estimated $506,596,722 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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BOWERS LANDFILL
The 12-acre Bowers Landfill Superfund site is in Circleville, Ohio. In 1958, a gravel quarry was on-site. The area later became a landfill that accepted residential wastes. After 1968, unauthorized dumping of chemical and industrial wastes, appliances and used tires took place. The dumping contaminated groundwater and the nearby Scioto River. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 1983. EPA worked closely with Ohio EPA and the potentially responsible parties on cleanup, which converted much of the area into wetlands. Cleanup activities included removal of contaminated waste, landfill capping and venting, and revegetation of the landfill surface. Construction of the remedy finished in 1992. After cleanup, EPA put land use restrictions in place to protect public health and the integrity of the remedy. EPA took the site off the NPL in 1997. The 7-acre wetland area in the Scioto River floodplain has helped protect the landfill cap by absorbing excess waters and slowly releasing them into the environment. The creation of wetlands along the Scioto River has also turned the area into a haven for plants, birds, fish and animals. A local hunting group purchased the site in 2014. The group uses it for recreation, including hunting and fishing. Operation and maintenance activities are ongoing.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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CHEM-DYNE
The 21-acre Chem-Dyne Superfund site is in Hamilton, Ohio. From 1974 to 1980, the Chem-Dyne Corporation used the area to process and store chemical wastes. Materials handled included pesticides, waste oils and sludges. Over 30,000 drums and 300,000 gallons of bulk materials were on-site when operations ended. Improper disposal practices contaminated soil and groundwater. Residents reported fish kills in the Great Miami River, nuisance odors, and on-site fires in the late 1970s. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 1983. Cleanup, led by the potentially responsible parties, included demolishing all buildings on-site, excavating and disposing of contaminated soil, and putting in a protective cap and groundwater extraction-injection system. Cleanup is ongoing. In early 2022, the city of Hamilton purchased the site property. The city is using the on-site buildings for office space and storage. Institutional controls will document future use restrictions for the area.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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COPLEY SQUARE PLAZA
The Copley Square Plaza Superfund site is in Copley Township, Ohio. It includes two commercial properties and an 86-acre area of groundwater contamination under commercial and residential properties. Several dry-cleaning businesses were on-site from the 1960s to 1994. Dry-cleaning chemicals contaminated groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List (NPL) in 2005. Cleanup included connecting some properties to the public water supply, putting vapor intrusion mitigation systems in some homes to prevent collection of harmful chemical vapors, and injecting chemicals and microorganisms into groundwater to support the natural breakdown of contaminants. Cleanup planning for the deeper aquifers is underway. Groundwater use restrictions are needed to prevent future exposure to contamination. Businesses and homes above the groundwater contamination remain in use. The two commercial properties host a dentist’s office and an auto parts store.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses generated an estimated $674,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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DOVER CHEMICAL CORP.
The 60-acre Dover Chemical Corp. Superfund site is in Dover, Ohio. The facility has operated since the 1940s and since 1951, Dover Chemical Corporation has had a manufacturing facility at the site. It makes components for lubricants, plasticizers and flame retardants for vinyl products. From the 1950s until the early 1970s, improper chemical storage, spills and leaks at the site contaminated soil and groundwater. EPA proposed listing the site on the National Priorities List in 1993. EPA has not finalized its listing on the NPL. The potentially responsible party leads the cleanup, with EPA and Ohio EPA oversight. Cleanup includes contaminated soil and groundwater treatment, which is ongoing. Manufacturing operations remain active on-site. Ecological uses at the site include a stream and small ponds. EPA approved a pilot study for in-place chemical oxidation (ISCO) to enhance groundwater treatment. The pilot study began in July 2023.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 180 people and generated an estimated $151,931,076 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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EAST TROY CONTAMINATED AQUIFER
The East Troy Contaminated Aquifer Superfund site is in Troy, Ohio. It includes a 20-square-block area of contamination on the west bank of the Great Miami River. From 1958 to 1979, Troy One-Hour Cleaners ran a dry-cleaning business at the Residential Plume area. Dry-cleaning chemicals may have leaked from drains and sewer pipes into soil. In 1979, a fire destroyed the dry-cleaning building and nearby structures. In the East Water Street Plume, the former Hobart Cabinet Company spilled or dumped chemicals near its loading dock. These commercial and industrial activities contaminated soil, groundwater and indoor air. In 2006, the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency found elevated levels of volatile organic compounds moving from groundwater into some buildings in the area. In 2007, EPA put vapor abatement systems in homes and an elementary school. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 2008. EPA selected the temporary groundwater remedy in 2018. It includes treating groundwater and removing contaminated soil. Current land uses at the site include commercial, industrial, residential and public service areas. In February 2024, the site was among those selected by EPA to receive cleanup funding under the Bipartisan Infrastructure Law (BIL). With this funding, EPA is already initiating work on backlogged remedial construction projects and accelerating cleanups at NPL sites. The funding will allow for a new cleanup plan to dig up and remove contaminated soil from the East Water Street Plume source area.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 3 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 10 people and generated an estimated $9,662,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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FIELDS BROOK
The Fields Brook Superfund site is a 6-square-mile watershed in Ashtabula, Ohio. Since 1940, about 19 facilities have operated in the Fields Brook watershed. Facility operations range from metal fabrication to chemical production. Area activities resulted in the contamination of soil, sediment and surface water. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 1983. Cleanup activities include the removal of contaminated sediment and floodplain soil from Fields Brook. Contaminated soil, sediment and waste was treated or contained in on-site and off-site landfills. Cleanup activities aim to prevent recontamination of downstream areas of Fields Brook and the Ashtabula River. Ongoing cleanup activities include monitoring of the brook, groundwater and free product extraction. Land use restrictions in place protect public health and the integrity of the remedy. Industrial operations remain active on-site.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 4 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 69 people and generated an estimated $13,208,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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FORD RD IND LDFL
The 15-acre Ford Road Industrial Landfill Superfund site is in Elyria, Ohio. In the early 1900s, the area was a ravine. A municipal waste landfill operated there. In the 1960s and 1970s, Brotherton Disposal, Inc. and Browning-Ferris Industries of Ohio, Inc. accepted industrial wastes in drums and in bulk at the landfill. The wastes contaminated soils, sediment, groundwater and surface water. In 1980, EPA found leachate entering the Black River at the northeast part of the site. EPA led the cleanup. Activities included waste removal from areas outside the landfill, consolidation of removed waste in the existing landfill, stabilization of the existing landfill cap, removal and off-site disposal of contaminated soil and sediment, and continued groundwater monitoring. Controls in place prevent the disturbance of the landfill cap. Lorain County Metropolitan Parks District owns the site. The area is now part of a greenway along the Black River. Recreational uses are planned for the site. Projects could include trails and open spaces for outdoor activities such as walking, hiking, biking and bird watching.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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INDUSTRIAL EXCESS LANDFILL
The 30-acre Industrial Excess Landfill Superfund site is in Stark County, Ohio. Before 1966, sand and gravel mining operations were on-site. From 1966 to 1980, the mining and excavation pits served as a landfill. The landfill received industrial wastes from nearby rubber industries, hospital wastes, septic tank wastes from cleaning firms, and general municipal wastes. In 1984, EPA investigations identified contamination in groundwater. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in June 1986. To contain landfill contamination, cleanup included waste removal and construction of a methane gas venting system and a vegetative cover over the landfill. Cleanup put in air strippers to remove contaminants from residential drinking water wells and connected 100 homes to the public water supply. The methane gas venting system was shut down in 2004 and the former extraction wells were left open to act as additional passive vents. Groundwater monitoring is ongoing. Institutional controls in place restrict land use and well installation and protect the remedy. In 2004, the site’s potentially responsible parties (PRPs) planted almost 8,500 trees and shrubs at the site as part of the vegetative cover. The plantings provide a stable, protective soil covering as well as wildlife habitat. The PRPs also removed invasive species and installed kestrel nest boxes, bluebird boxes and bat boxes. Local stakeholders have discussed opportunities for recreational uses at the site in the future. The township’s plan proposes using the landfill area as a nature preserve with access and hiking trails.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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LAYER PARK
The 7.5-acre Layer Park site is in Miami Township, Ohio. The Miami Valley Hunt & Polo Club ran a skeet shooting range at the site from the 1930s to the 1950s. Skeet shooting contaminated soil at the range with lead. Part of the shooting range later became Layer Park. Miami Township closed the park in 2016 after learning of the contamination. EPA led a short-term cleanup from 2016 to 2017. Cleanup included the removal of contaminated soil from the park and a residential property next to the park. EPA put in clean soil and reseeded the area. The remedy included restoring park playground equipment, basketball courts and picnic areas. These activities included replacing over 50 trees at the site. Layer Park reopened to the public in 2018.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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MIAMI COUNTY INCINERATOR
The 65-acre Miami County Incinerator Superfund site is in Miami County, Ohio. From 1968 to 1978, an incinerator and several landfills were on-site. They handled municipal and industrial wastes. The facilities converted into a solid waste transfer station. Improper waste disposal practices contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater. Groundwater contamination threatened the area’s sole source aquifer. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 1984. The potentially responsible parties (PRPs) connected affected homes to the public water supply in 1989 and 1990. The PRPs also put in an impermeable cap, a soil vapor extraction (SVE) system, and a groundwater extraction and treatment system. The SVE system ran until 2000. Groundwater extraction and treatment are ongoing. Miami County owns the site property and runs several facilities on-site, including a waste transfer station and recycling facility as well as offices for sanitary engineering and the highway department. The county sheriff’s office, a minimum-security prison and a juvenile detention center are just south of the site and associated with county-run site reuses.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 3 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 93 people. For additional information click here.
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MILFORD CONTAMINATED AQUIFER
The Milford Contaminated Aquifer Superfund site is in Milford, Ohio. Sampling found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) and other chemical solvents in Milford municipal water supply wells in 1986. Ohio EPA led investigations from 1992 to 2009 to locate the source of the contamination. Ohio EPA found a possible source at or near the Baker Feed property. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 2011. The remedy, selected in 2022, includes treating groundwater, verifying the connection of homes and buildings in the area to the public water supply, and doing more sampling. EPA also plans to put in signs and fencing and update land-use restrictions. EPA is working on the engineering design for the cleanup. Groundwater is designated as a federal sole-source aquifer. The city of Milford uses it as a potable water supply. The treated drinking water meets state and federal drinking water standards. It is anticipated that the groundwater will continue to be used as a drinking water source in the future. Commercial businesses are on-site.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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PETERS CARTRIDGE FACTORY
The 71-acre Peters Cartridge Factory Superfund site is in Kings Mills, Ohio. From 1887 to 1934, Peters Cartridge Factory made ammunition at the site. Remington Arms Company bought Peters Cartridge in 1934. Remington Arms Company continued to make shotshell and cartridge ammunition on-site until 1944. The area was later divided into land parcels used by non-ammunition-related businesses. Metals from ammunition manufacturing contaminated surface soil and sediment. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 2012. Cleanup included replacing contaminated soil with clean fill and placing contaminated sediment and soil in a containment cell. An environmental covenant protects the remedy and prohibits use of groundwater. EPA deleted the 14-acre Former Process Area of the site from the NPL in 2018. A brewery opened on-site in October 2020. A mixed-use residential and commercial project also recently opened in this area. Ohio EPA’s Voluntary Action Program oversaw the additional work to clean up the site to residential standards where needed. The project included the restoration and preservation of the factory’s historic exterior. Hamilton Township owns part of the site, which is being monitored. This area includes open space and a trailhead parking lot for the Little Miami River bike path.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 2 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 5 people and generated an estimated $522,340 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
For more information:
- Trailside Amenities, Mixed Uses and Historic Preservation: The Peters Cartridge Factory Superfund Site in Kings Mills, Ohio (PDF)
- Site Redevelopment Profile: Peters Cartridge Factory Superfund Site (PDF)
- Superfund Site Profile Page
- Video: EPA Superfund Redevelopment 20th Anniversary
SOUTH DAYTON DUMP & LANDFILL
The 80-acre South Dayton Dump & Landfill Superfund site is a former industrial landfill in Moraine, Ohio. From 1941 to 1996, the landfill accepted drums, metal turnings, fly ash, and other industrial and burned combustible wastes. These activities contaminated groundwater and soil. EPA proposed adding the site to the National Priorities List in 2004 but did not finalize the listing. EPA worked with the potentially responsible parties (PRPs) on investigations and cleanup. In 2013, the PRPs put in vapor intrusion mitigation systems and demolished some site buildings. Vapor intrusion monitoring is ongoing. Commercial and industrial uses remain active on a 40-acre part of the landfill. They include a truck body shop and an indoor shooting range. One person lives in a trailer on a site parcel that also includes several commercial buildings. The Miami Conservancy District also owns a floodway on the southern part of the site.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 7 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 57 people and generated an estimated $6,866,470 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
For more information:
- South Dayton Dump and Landfill, Moraine, OH - Situation Assessment (PDF)
- Superfund Site Profile Page
SOUTH POINT PLANT
The 610-acre South Point Plant Superfund site is in South Point, Ohio. From the 1940s to the late 1990s, manufacturing facilities at the site made explosives, industrial chemicals and fuels. Companies included Allied-Signal, Ashland Oil and South Point Ethanol. Spills and waste handling practices contaminated groundwater and soils. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 1984. Cleanup activities included the digging up and off-site disposal of contaminated soil, capping of contaminated soil, and groundwater containment. Institutional controls restrict land and groundwater use. EPA worked with the Lawrence Economic Development Corporation (LEDC) and local governments to support the site’s redevelopment. LEDC used an EPA Superfund Redevelopment Program (SRP) grant to plan reuse opportunities that would work well with the remedy. The Point business park opened on-site in 2001. In 2004, EPA issued the first Ready for Reuse Determination in the region for the site. Today, The Point hosts commercial and industrial businesses. Future plans for The Point include expanded facilities and an intermodal facility that will serve as a road, rail and river transportation resource. South Point Little League maintains baseball fields on the western part of the site.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on 26 on-site businesses. These businesses employed 606 people and generated an estimated $143,386,958 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
For more information:
- Reuse and the Benefit to Community: A Beneficial Effects Economic Case Study for the South Point Plant Superfund Site (PDF)
- Site Redevelopment Profile: South Point Plant Superfund Site (PDF)
- South Point Plant Ready for Reuse Determination (2004) (PDF)
- Cleanup and Industrial Revitalization in the Tri-State Region: The South Point Plant Superfund Site and Lawrence County, Ohio (PDF)
- South Point Plant Reuse Case Study (PDF)
- South Point Plant, South Point, OH - Reuse Plan (PDF)
- Superfund Site Profile Page
- South Point Plant: Ready for Reuse and Open for Business
TRW, INC. (MINERVA PLANT)
The 135-acre TRW, Inc. (Minerva Plant) Superfund site is in Minerva, Ohio. TRW, Inc. operated a manufacturing plant that made aircraft components on-site until 1986, when the company sold the property to PCC Airfoils. Use of chemicals, waste handling and disposal practices contaminated soil, sediment and groundwater. In 1981, TRW, Inc. notified EPA of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in the soil on the southeast part of the property. Sampling found volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in groundwater on- and off-site in 1984. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 1987. Cleanup activities included removal of contaminated soil and sediment as well as groundwater treatment. Cleanup and monitoring is ongoing. Today, PCC Airfoils continues to own the property. It makes parts for the aerospace industry.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 214 people and generated an estimated $204,013,333 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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VALLEY PIKE VOCS
The Valley Pike VOCs Superfund site is in Riverside, Ohio. The Mullins Tire and Rubber Company, now Mullins Rubber Products (MRP), began operating on-site in 1942. MRP used volatile organic compounds (VOCs) to degrease metal parts. Facility operations led to VOC contamination in soil, groundwater and indoor air. The affected area includes a neighborhood of about 509 homes, churches and businesses. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 2016. MRP took over the evaluation and mitigation of residential vapor intrusion from EPA and the Ohio Environmental Protection Agency and led a source removal action. EPA and MRP put vapor abatement mitigation systems in place for 95 affected homes. Evaluation of about 231 other structures is ongoing. Cleanup also removed about 2,370 pounds of VOCs from under the MRP building. In 2019, MRP agreed to do a remedial investigation and feasibility study. In 2023, EPA approved MRP’s work plan and field sampling plan. MRP began sampling soil and putting in permanent groundwater monitoring wells. MRP continues to run its facility on-site.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA had data on one on-site business. This business employed 50 people and generated an estimated $880,000 in annual sales revenue. For additional information click here.
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ZANESVILLE WELL FIELD
The 100-acre Zanesville Well Field Superfund site is Zanesville, Ohio. It is on both sides of the Muskingum River. From 1893 to 1991, several manufacturing facilities were on-site, including United Technologies Automotive (UTA). Waste handling and disposal practices resulted in groundwater, soil and debris contamination. EPA found groundwater contamination in 1981. EPA added the site to the National Priorities List in 1983. Cleanup activities, led by UTA and EPA, included groundwater extraction and treatment, soil vapor extraction and soil removal. In 2008, a company purchased the site property on the west side of the river. It demolished site buildings. In 2020, the city of Zanesville acquired the land. The land is in use for recreational purposes. Jaycee Riverside Park is on the eastern part of the site. It includes tennis courts, baseball fields, a playground and boating, and provides fishing access.
Last updated September 2024
As of December 2023, EPA did not have economic data related to on-site businesses, or economic data were not applicable due to site use. For additional information click here.
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