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  2. Global Change Explorer (GCX)

About ICLUS

On this page:

  • About ICLUS
  • History
  • Publications
Related Links
  • ICLUS Downloads

Climate and land-use change are major drivers of global environmental change. Impact assessments frequently demonstrate that interactions between climate and land-use change may create serious challenges for aquatic ecosystems, water quality, and air quality. In many cases, it is impossible to assess the impact of climate change without consideration of population dynamics, land use dynamics, or both.

The Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios (ICLUS) project produced spatially explicit projections of population and land-use that are based on Intergovernmental 
Panel on Climate Change’s (IPCC) scenarios and pathways.

Flow diagram showing the demographic storyline or population pathway to impervious services.

First, social, economic, and demographic storylines were adapted for the United States. These modified storylines were then used to create population projections that would reflect different assumptions about fertility, mortality, and immigration through the end of this century.

Next, a spatial interaction model was used to simulate the annual movement of people within the United States. Then the results of these population projections are used to calculate the demand for new residential lands.


History

Below is a list of important milestones related to the ICLUS project.

DateMilestone
May 2020EPA released updated land use and population projections in ICLUS Version 2.1.1, see ICLUS Downloads for related datasets and metadata.
Sep 2019EPA released updated land use and population projections in ICLUS Version 2.1, see ICLUS Downloads for related datasets and metadata.
Apr 2018ICLUS was incorporated into the Global Change Explorer.
Jan 2017EPA released the final report, Updates to the Demographic and Spatial Allocation Models to Produce Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios (ICLUS Version 2).
Sep 2016EPA released ICLUS Data (Version 2) for the Fourth National Climate Assessment (NCA).
Apr 2016EPA released the draft report, Updates to the Demographic and Spatial Allocation Models to Produce Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios (ICLUS) (Version 2, External Review Draft).
Jul 2013EPA released ICLUS v1.3.2, see ICLUS Downloads for related datasets and metadata.
Jan 2012EPA released ICLUS Data (Version 1) for the Third National Climate Assessment (NCA).
May 2011EPA released ICLUS v1.3.1, see ICLUS Downloads for related datasets and metadata.
Sep 2010EPA released ICLUS v1.3 interactive simulation tool with a companion user's manual (final).
Nov 2009EPA released the ICLUS Tools and Datasets (Version 1.2) and User's Manual: ArcGIS Tools and Datasets for Modeling US housing Density (External Review Draft) for public review and comment. [Federal Register Dec 8, 2009]
Jun 2009EPA released the final report, Land-Use Scenarios: National-Scale Housing-Density Scenarios Consistent with Climate Change Storylines.
Jan 2009EPA partnered with USGS to work on the development of a geoprocessing tool.

Publications

EPA Reports

  • Updates to the Demographic and Spatial Allocation Models to Produce Integrated Climate and Land Use Scenarios (ICLUS) (Version 2) (Final Report)
  • Land-Use Scenarios: National-Scale Housing-Density Scenarios Consistent with Climate Change Storylines (Final Report)

Datasets/Metadata

  • ICLUS Downloads

Journal Articles

  • Urban adaptation can roll back warming of emerging megapolitan regions. 2014. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 111(8): 2909-2914. 
  • Climate Change-Related Temperature Impacts on Warm Season Heat Mortality: A Proof-of-Concept Methodology Using BenMAP. 2011. Environmental Science & Technology 45(4): 1450-1457. DOI: 10.1021/es102820y.
  • National housing and impervious surface scenarios for integrated climate impact assessments. 2010. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 107(49): 20887-20892.
  • Variation in estimated ozone-related health impacts of climate change due to modeling choices and assumptions. 2011. Environmental Health Perspectives 120(1): 1559-1564.
  • Using ICLUS v2 to Characterize Global Change Impacts, Vulnerabilities, and Adaptation Opportunities (Presentation). Washington, DC, 2018.

To learn more about datasets produced as part of this project please visit the interactive ICLUS tool.

Global Change Explorer (GCX)

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Contact Us about GCX
Contact Us about GCX to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on July 24, 2025
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