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  2. Integrated Science Assessments

Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Particulate Matter

On this page:

  • Overview
  • History of ISAs for PM
  • Scientific Studies Considered in the Assessment
  • Additional Resources 

Overview

Cover of the ISA for PM (2019 Final Report)

The Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter provides the U.S. EPA’s evaluation and synthesis of the most policy-relevant science related to the health and welfare effects of particulate matter. Integrated Science Assessments (ISAs) are evaluations of the scientific information related to the human health and welfare effects of criteria pollutants. The ISAs provide a comprehensive evaluation and synthesis of the policy-relevant scientific literature, including that published since the last assessment, and serve as the scientific foundation for establishing and reviewing the primary (health-based) and secondary (welfare-based) national ambient air quality standards (NAAQS).  

Particulate matter (PM) emitted into air can contribute to an array of adverse effects in humans and the environment. In 2019, EPA released the Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter to assess the human health and welfare effects of particulate matter. A May 2022 update, referred to as the Supplement to the 2019 Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter, provided a targeted assessment of scientific information published since the literature cut-off date of the 2019 document. 

  • Supplement to the 2019 Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter (PDF) (6.62 MB, May 2022, EPA/600/R-22/028)
  • Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter (PDF) (34.9 MB, December 2019, EPA/600/R-19/188)

History of the ISAs for Particulate Matter

TimeDocuments
May 2022EPA released the final report of the  Supplement to the 2019 Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter (PDF) (6.62 MB, May 2022, EPA/600/R-22/028) . [Federal Register Notice Apr 14, 2022]This is the companion to the 2019 PM ISA.
Dec 2019EPA released the final report of the  Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter (PDF) (34.9 MB, December 2019, EPA/600/R-19/188) . [Federal Register Notice Jan 27, 2020] This is the most recent PM ISA.
Dec 2012EPA released a provisional assessment of recent studies on particulate matter  Provisional Assessment Of Recent Studies On Health Effects Of Particulate Matter Exposure (PDF) (1.61 MB, December 2012, EPA/600/R-12/056F) collected since the release of the 2009 Particulate Matter Integrated Science Assessment.
Dec 2009EPA released the final report of the Integrated Science Assessment (ISA) for Particulate Matter (Final Report, Dec 2009). (PDF) (47.03 MB, December 2009, EPA/600/R-08/139F) and  Integrated Science Assessment for Particulate Matter (Annexes Only) (PDF) (47.03 MB, December 2009, EPA/600/R-08/139F)
July 2006EPA released a  Provisional Assessment Of Recent Studies On Particulate Matter (2006) (PDF) (1.13 MB, July 2006, EPA/600/R-06/063)  presenting studies collected since the release of the 2004 PM ISA.
Oct 2004

EPA released two-volume Air Quality Criteria Document for Particulate Matter:

  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter Volume I (PDF) (16.9 MB, October 2004, EPA/600/P-99/002aF)
  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter Volume II (PDF) (15.72 MB, October 2004, EPA/600/P-99/002bF)
Apr 1996

EPA released the Air Quality Criteria Document for Particulate Matter (Final, 1996) (EPA 600/P-95/001).

  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter, Volume I (PDF)  (41.6 MB, EPA 600/P-95/001aF).
  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter, Volume II (PDF)  (7.9 MB, EPA 600/P-95/001bF).
  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter, Volume III (PDF) (3.9 MB, EPA 600/P-95/001cF).
Aug 1994EPA released the  Supplement to the Second Addendum (1986) to Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and Sulfur Oxides (1982): Assessment of New Findings on Sulfur Dioxide and Acute Exposure Health Effects in Asthmatic Individuals (PDF) (5.2 MB, August 1994, EPA/600/FP-93/002)
Dec 1986EPA published the  Second Addendum to the Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and Sulfur Oxides: Assessment of Newly Available Health Effects Information (PDF) (6.62 MB, December 1986, EPA/600/8-86/020F)
Dec 1982

EPA released the Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and Sulfur Oxides (Final, 1982) (EPA/600/8-82/029).

  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and Sulfur Oxides (Volume 1) and Addendum: Newly Available Information on Health Effects Associated with Exposure to Sulfur Dioxide as Evaluated by Controlled Human Exposure Studies (PDF)  (3.6 MB, EPA/600/8-82/029a)
  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and Sulfur Oxides (Volume 2) (PDF) (10.8 MB, EPA/600/8-82/029b)
  • Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter and Sulfur Oxides (Volume 3) (PDF) (12.3 MB, EPA/600/8-82/029c)
Jan 1969The first Air Quality Criteria for Particulate Matter (PDF)  (14.8 MB, National Air Pollution Control Administration Publication No. AP-4) was published

Scientific Studies Considered in the ISA

The published studies cited and considered in ISAs are identified in the Health and Environmental Research Online (HERO) database. HERO is a searchable database of more than 1.6 million scientific studies and other references used to develop EPA assessments for understanding the health and environmental effects of pollutants and chemicals. For the most recent final ISA for PM, these are identified on the ISA-PM 2019 Project Page and the ISA-PM Supplement (2022) Project Page.

Additional Resources

  • Basic Information About Particulate Matter
  • National Ambient Air Quality Standards (NAAQS) for PM
  • Technical Documents for NAAQS Reviews
  • Clean Air Act

Integrated Science Assessments

  • Learn about ISAs
    • ISA Final Reports
    • ISA preamble
  • Carbon Monoxide
  • Lead
  • Particulate Matter
  • Ozone
  • Nitrogen Oxides
  • Sulfur Oxides
  • Ecological Criteria Assessment
Contact Us About Integrated Science Assessments
Contact Us About Integrated Science Assessments to ask a question, provide feedback, or report a problem.
Last updated on July 16, 2026
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